Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China

Studying the quality and health risks of groundwater is of great significance for sustainable water resources utilization, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. The current study is carried out to evaluate the quality and potential health risks of groundwater in the Tongchuan area...

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Autores principales:	Abel Nsabimana, Peiyue Li, Song He, Xiaodong He, S. M. Khorshed Alam, Misbah Fida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	water quality index health risk assessment Tongchuan city Loess Plateau Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7db1b749511a46b18926ed6044423ca1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7db1b749511a46b18926ed6044423ca12021-11-25T19:16:04ZHealth Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China10.3390/w132232562073-4441https://doaj.org/article/7db1b749511a46b18926ed6044423ca12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3256https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Studying the quality and health risks of groundwater is of great significance for sustainable water resources utilization, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. The current study is carried out to evaluate the quality and potential health risks of groundwater in the Tongchuan area on the Loess Plateau, northwest China. Water quality index (WQI) and hydrochemical correlation analysis were implemented to understand the status of groundwater quality. Daily average exposure dosages through the oral and dermal contact exposure pathways were taken into consideration to calculate the health risks to the human body. Additionally, graphical approaches such as Piper diagram, Durov diagram and GIS mapping were used to help better understand the results of this study. The WQI approach showed that 77.1% of the samples were of excellent quality. The most significant parameters affecting water quality were NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. The health risk assessment results showed that 27.1% and 54.2% of the samples lead to non-carcinogenic risks through oral intake for adults and children, respectively. In contrast, 12.5% of the groundwater samples would result in carcinogenic risks to the residents. This study showed that the WQI method needs to be supplemented by a health risk evaluation to obtain comprehensive results for groundwater quality protection and management in the Tongchuan area.Abel NsabimanaPeiyue LiSong HeXiaodong HeS. M. Khorshed AlamMisbah FidaMDPI AGarticlewater quality indexhealth risk assessmentTongchuan cityLoess PlateauHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3256, p 3256 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	water quality index health risk assessment Tongchuan city Loess Plateau Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	water quality index health risk assessment Tongchuan city Loess Plateau Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Abel Nsabimana Peiyue Li Song He Xiaodong He S. M. Khorshed Alam Misbah Fida Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
description	Studying the quality and health risks of groundwater is of great significance for sustainable water resources utilization, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. The current study is carried out to evaluate the quality and potential health risks of groundwater in the Tongchuan area on the Loess Plateau, northwest China. Water quality index (WQI) and hydrochemical correlation analysis were implemented to understand the status of groundwater quality. Daily average exposure dosages through the oral and dermal contact exposure pathways were taken into consideration to calculate the health risks to the human body. Additionally, graphical approaches such as Piper diagram, Durov diagram and GIS mapping were used to help better understand the results of this study. The WQI approach showed that 77.1% of the samples were of excellent quality. The most significant parameters affecting water quality were NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. The health risk assessment results showed that 27.1% and 54.2% of the samples lead to non-carcinogenic risks through oral intake for adults and children, respectively. In contrast, 12.5% of the groundwater samples would result in carcinogenic risks to the residents. This study showed that the WQI method needs to be supplemented by a health risk evaluation to obtain comprehensive results for groundwater quality protection and management in the Tongchuan area.
format	article
author	Abel Nsabimana Peiyue Li Song He Xiaodong He S. M. Khorshed Alam Misbah Fida
author_facet	Abel Nsabimana Peiyue Li Song He Xiaodong He S. M. Khorshed Alam Misbah Fida
author_sort	Abel Nsabimana
title	Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
title_short	Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
title_full	Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
title_fullStr	Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
title_full_unstemmed	Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China
title_sort	health risk of the shallow groundwater and its suitability for drinking purpose in tongchuan, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7db1b749511a46b18926ed6044423ca1
work_keys_str_mv	AT abelnsabimana healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina AT peiyueli healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina AT songhe healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina AT xiaodonghe healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina AT smkhorshedalam healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina AT misbahfida healthriskoftheshallowgroundwateranditssuitabilityfordrinkingpurposeintongchuanchina
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Health Risk of the Shallow Groundwater and Its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Tongchuan, China

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