Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs

Abstract We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both v...

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Autores principales:	Yoko Matsumura, Yoshitaka Kamimura, Chow-Yang Lee, Stanislav N. Gorb, Hamed Rajabi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7ddd15a745104fd6ae12aa416bfa80ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7ddd15a745104fd6ae12aa416bfa80ed2021-12-02T18:03:07ZPenetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs10.1038/s41598-021-86864-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7ddd15a745104fd6ae12aa416bfa80ed2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86864-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both virga and spermatheca. The short virga of E. denticulatum has a material gradient with the stiffer base, whereas the long virga of E. horridum and the spermathecae of both species are homogeneously sclerotised. The long virga of E. horridum has a lower bending stiffness than the spermatheca. The virga of E. denticulatum is overall less flexible than the spermatheca. We compared our results to a previous study on the penetration mechanics of elongated beetle genitalia. Based on the comparison, we hypothesised that the lower stiffness of the male intromittent organ comparing to the corresponding female structure is a universal prerequisite for the penetration mechanics of the elongated intromittent organ in insects.Yoko MatsumuraYoshitaka KamimuraChow-Yang LeeStanislav N. GorbHamed RajabiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yoko Matsumura Yoshitaka Kamimura Chow-Yang Lee Stanislav N. Gorb Hamed Rajabi Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
description	Abstract We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both virga and spermatheca. The short virga of E. denticulatum has a material gradient with the stiffer base, whereas the long virga of E. horridum and the spermathecae of both species are homogeneously sclerotised. The long virga of E. horridum has a lower bending stiffness than the spermatheca. The virga of E. denticulatum is overall less flexible than the spermatheca. We compared our results to a previous study on the penetration mechanics of elongated beetle genitalia. Based on the comparison, we hypothesised that the lower stiffness of the male intromittent organ comparing to the corresponding female structure is a universal prerequisite for the penetration mechanics of the elongated intromittent organ in insects.
format	article
author	Yoko Matsumura Yoshitaka Kamimura Chow-Yang Lee Stanislav N. Gorb Hamed Rajabi
author_facet	Yoko Matsumura Yoshitaka Kamimura Chow-Yang Lee Stanislav N. Gorb Hamed Rajabi
author_sort	Yoko Matsumura
title	Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
title_short	Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
title_full	Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
title_fullStr	Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
title_full_unstemmed	Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
title_sort	penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7ddd15a745104fd6ae12aa416bfa80ed
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Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs

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