Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:7de4b7ffdbc147d5ac911a3a99b422862021-11-25T16:28:34ZCoenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases10.3390/antiox101117852076-3921https://doaj.org/article/7de4b7ffdbc147d5ac911a3a99b422862021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1785https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.Juan Diego Hernández-CamachoLaura García-CorzoDaniel José Moreno Fernández-AyalaPlácido NavasGuillermo López-LluchMDPI AGarticlecoenzyme Qubiquinonemetabolic diseaserare diseasemitochondriaTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1785, p 1785 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
coenzyme Q ubiquinone metabolic disease rare disease mitochondria Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 |
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coenzyme Q ubiquinone metabolic disease rare disease mitochondria Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho Laura García-Corzo Daniel José Moreno Fernández-Ayala Plácido Navas Guillermo López-Lluch Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| description |
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho Laura García-Corzo Daniel José Moreno Fernández-Ayala Plácido Navas Guillermo López-Lluch |
| author_facet |
Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho Laura García-Corzo Daniel José Moreno Fernández-Ayala Plácido Navas Guillermo López-Lluch |
| author_sort |
Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho |
| title |
Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| title_short |
Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full |
Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| title_fullStr |
Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases |
| title_sort |
coenzyme q at the hinge of health and metabolic diseases |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/7de4b7ffdbc147d5ac911a3a99b42286 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT juandiegohernandezcamacho coenzymeqatthehingeofhealthandmetabolicdiseases AT lauragarciacorzo coenzymeqatthehingeofhealthandmetabolicdiseases AT danieljosemorenofernandezayala coenzymeqatthehingeofhealthandmetabolicdiseases AT placidonavas coenzymeqatthehingeofhealthandmetabolicdiseases AT guillermolopezlluch coenzymeqatthehingeofhealthandmetabolicdiseases |
| _version_ |
1718413147103035392 |