Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression
Tainaê Santos,1 Monaliza Marizete Baungratz,1 Suellen Priscila Haskel,2 Daniela Delwing de Lima,3 Júlia Niehues da Cruz,4 Débora Delwing Dal Magro,5 José Geraldo Pereira da Cruz51Department of Medicine, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Regional...
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Dove Medical Press
2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:7de616d675d24f1ca5c7c5e67572258a2021-12-02T00:16:43ZBehavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/7de616d675d24f1ca5c7c5e67572258a2012-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/behavioral-interactions-of-simvastatin-and-fluoxetine-in-tests-of-anxi-a11155https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Tainaê Santos,1 Monaliza Marizete Baungratz,1 Suellen Priscila Haskel,2 Daniela Delwing de Lima,3 Júlia Niehues da Cruz,4 Débora Delwing Dal Magro,5 José Geraldo Pereira da Cruz51Department of Medicine, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 4Department of Medicine, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 5Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, BrazilAbstract: Simvastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and is widely used to control plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, emerging evidence indicates that the beneficial effects of simvastatin extend to the central nervous system. The effects of simvastatin combined with fluoxetine provide an exciting and potential paradigm to decreased anxiety and depression. Thus, the present paper investigates the possibility of synergistic interactions between simvastatin and fluoxetine in models of anxiety and depression. We investigated the effects of subchronically administered simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) combined with fluoxetine (2 or 10 mg/kg) at 24, 5, and 1 hour on adult rats before conducting behavioral tests. The results indicate that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine treatment reduces anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Our results showed that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine induced a significant increase in the swimming activity during the forced swimming test (antidepressant effect), with a concomitant increase in climbing time in simvastatin-treated animals only (noradrenergic activation). We hypothesize that anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of simvastatin and/or fluoxetine produce their behavioral effects through similar mechanisms and provide an important foundation for future preclinical research.Keywords: elevated plus-maze, fluoxetine, forced swimming test, open-field, simvastatinSantos TBaungratz MMHaskel SPde Lima DDda Cruz JNDal Magro DDda Cruz JGDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 413-422 (2012) |
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 |
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Santos T Baungratz MM Haskel SP de Lima DD da Cruz JN Dal Magro DD da Cruz JG Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| description |
Tainaê Santos,1 Monaliza Marizete Baungratz,1 Suellen Priscila Haskel,2 Daniela Delwing de Lima,3 Júlia Niehues da Cruz,4 Débora Delwing Dal Magro,5 José Geraldo Pereira da Cruz51Department of Medicine, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 4Department of Medicine, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 5Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, BrazilAbstract: Simvastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and is widely used to control plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, emerging evidence indicates that the beneficial effects of simvastatin extend to the central nervous system. The effects of simvastatin combined with fluoxetine provide an exciting and potential paradigm to decreased anxiety and depression. Thus, the present paper investigates the possibility of synergistic interactions between simvastatin and fluoxetine in models of anxiety and depression. We investigated the effects of subchronically administered simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) combined with fluoxetine (2 or 10 mg/kg) at 24, 5, and 1 hour on adult rats before conducting behavioral tests. The results indicate that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine treatment reduces anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Our results showed that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine induced a significant increase in the swimming activity during the forced swimming test (antidepressant effect), with a concomitant increase in climbing time in simvastatin-treated animals only (noradrenergic activation). We hypothesize that anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of simvastatin and/or fluoxetine produce their behavioral effects through similar mechanisms and provide an important foundation for future preclinical research.Keywords: elevated plus-maze, fluoxetine, forced swimming test, open-field, simvastatin |
| format |
article |
| author |
Santos T Baungratz MM Haskel SP de Lima DD da Cruz JN Dal Magro DD da Cruz JG |
| author_facet |
Santos T Baungratz MM Haskel SP de Lima DD da Cruz JN Dal Magro DD da Cruz JG |
| author_sort |
Santos T |
| title |
Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| title_short |
Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| title_full |
Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| title_fullStr |
Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| title_sort |
behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/7de616d675d24f1ca5c7c5e67572258a |
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