A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuroendocrine peptide that plays a central role in the vertebrate hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The roles of GnRH in the control of vertebrate reproductive functions have been established, while its non-reproductive function has been suggested but less well...

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Autores principales: Takehiro G Kusakabe, Tsubasa Sakai, Masato Aoyama, Yuka Kitajima, Yuki Miyamoto, Toru Takigawa, Yutaka Daido, Kentaro Fujiwara, Yasuko Terashima, Yoko Sugiuchi, Giorgio Matassi, Hitoshi Yagisawa, Min Kyun Park, Honoo Satake, Motoyuki Tsuda
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/7de6af4783e64b44b8675d4f2fbc723d
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7de6af4783e64b44b8675d4f2fbc723d2021-11-18T07:10:38ZA conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0041955https://doaj.org/article/7de6af4783e64b44b8675d4f2fbc723d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22848672/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuroendocrine peptide that plays a central role in the vertebrate hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The roles of GnRH in the control of vertebrate reproductive functions have been established, while its non-reproductive function has been suggested but less well understood. Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis has in its non-reproductive larval stage a prominent GnRH system spanning the entire length of the nervous system. Tunicate GnRH receptors are phylogenetically closest to vertebrate GnRH receptors, yet functional analysis of the receptors revealed that these simple chordates have evolved a unique GnRH system with multiple ligands and receptor heterodimerization enabling complex regulation. One of the gnrh genes is conspicuously expressed in the motor ganglion and nerve cord, which are homologous structures to the hindbrain and spinal cord of vertebrates. Correspondingly, GnRH receptor genes were found to be expressed in the tail muscle and notochord of embryos, both of which are phylotypic axial structures along the nerve cord. Our findings suggest a novel non-reproductive role of GnRH in tunicates. Furthermore, we present evidence that GnRH-producing cells are present in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, thereby suggesting the deep evolutionary origin of a non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.Takehiro G KusakabeTsubasa SakaiMasato AoyamaYuka KitajimaYuki MiyamotoToru TakigawaYutaka DaidoKentaro FujiwaraYasuko TerashimaYoko SugiuchiGiorgio MatassiHitoshi YagisawaMin Kyun ParkHonoo SatakeMotoyuki TsudaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41955 (2012)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Takehiro G Kusakabe
Tsubasa Sakai
Masato Aoyama
Yuka Kitajima
Yuki Miyamoto
Toru Takigawa
Yutaka Daido
Kentaro Fujiwara
Yasuko Terashima
Yoko Sugiuchi
Giorgio Matassi
Hitoshi Yagisawa
Min Kyun Park
Honoo Satake
Motoyuki Tsuda
A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
description Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuroendocrine peptide that plays a central role in the vertebrate hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The roles of GnRH in the control of vertebrate reproductive functions have been established, while its non-reproductive function has been suggested but less well understood. Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis has in its non-reproductive larval stage a prominent GnRH system spanning the entire length of the nervous system. Tunicate GnRH receptors are phylogenetically closest to vertebrate GnRH receptors, yet functional analysis of the receptors revealed that these simple chordates have evolved a unique GnRH system with multiple ligands and receptor heterodimerization enabling complex regulation. One of the gnrh genes is conspicuously expressed in the motor ganglion and nerve cord, which are homologous structures to the hindbrain and spinal cord of vertebrates. Correspondingly, GnRH receptor genes were found to be expressed in the tail muscle and notochord of embryos, both of which are phylotypic axial structures along the nerve cord. Our findings suggest a novel non-reproductive role of GnRH in tunicates. Furthermore, we present evidence that GnRH-producing cells are present in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, thereby suggesting the deep evolutionary origin of a non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
format article
author Takehiro G Kusakabe
Tsubasa Sakai
Masato Aoyama
Yuka Kitajima
Yuki Miyamoto
Toru Takigawa
Yutaka Daido
Kentaro Fujiwara
Yasuko Terashima
Yoko Sugiuchi
Giorgio Matassi
Hitoshi Yagisawa
Min Kyun Park
Honoo Satake
Motoyuki Tsuda
author_facet Takehiro G Kusakabe
Tsubasa Sakai
Masato Aoyama
Yuka Kitajima
Yuki Miyamoto
Toru Takigawa
Yutaka Daido
Kentaro Fujiwara
Yasuko Terashima
Yoko Sugiuchi
Giorgio Matassi
Hitoshi Yagisawa
Min Kyun Park
Honoo Satake
Motoyuki Tsuda
author_sort Takehiro G Kusakabe
title A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
title_short A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
title_full A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
title_fullStr A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
title_full_unstemmed A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
title_sort conserved non-reproductive gnrh system in chordates.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2012
url https://doaj.org/article/7de6af4783e64b44b8675d4f2fbc723d
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