Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>

ABSTRACT Investigation of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the spirochete that causes syphilis, has been hindered by an inability to culture the organism continuously in vitro despite more than a century of effort. In this study, long-term logarithmic multiplication of T. pallidum was attained th...

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Autores principales:	Diane G. Edmondson, Bo Hu, Steven J. Norris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Treponema pallidum cell culture cell structure electron microscopy infectivity physiology Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e1600f2a2744b4ebcd804132197efda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e1600f2a2744b4ebcd804132197efda2021-11-15T16:00:26ZLong-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>10.1128/mBio.01153-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/7e1600f2a2744b4ebcd804132197efda2018-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01153-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Investigation of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the spirochete that causes syphilis, has been hindered by an inability to culture the organism continuously in vitro despite more than a century of effort. In this study, long-term logarithmic multiplication of T. pallidum was attained through subculture every 6 to 7 days and periodic feeding using a modified medium (T. pallidum culture medium 2 [TpCM-2]) with a previously described microaerobic, rabbit epithelial cell coincubation system. Currently, cultures have maintained continuous growth for over 6 months with full retention of viability as measured by motility and rabbit infectivity. This system has been applied successfully to the well-studied Nichols strain of T. pallidum, as well as to two recent syphilis isolates, UW231B and UW249B. Light microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy showed that in vitro-cultured T. pallidum retains wild-type morphology. Further refinement of this long-term subculture system is expected to facilitate study of the physiological, genetic, pathological, immunologic, and antimicrobial susceptibility properties of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum and closely related pathogenic Treponema species and subspecies. IMPORTANCE Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with a global distribution, is caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium called Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Previously, T. pallidum was one of the few major bacterial pathogens that had not been cultured long-term in vitro (in a test tube), greatly hindering efforts to better understand this organism and the disease that it causes. In this article, we report the successful long-term cultivation of T. pallidum in a tissue culture system, a finding that is likely to enhance our ability to obtain new information applicable to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis.Diane G. EdmondsonBo HuSteven J. NorrisAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleTreponema pallidumcell culturecell structureelectron microscopyinfectivityphysiologyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 3 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Treponema pallidum cell culture cell structure electron microscopy infectivity physiology Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Treponema pallidum cell culture cell structure electron microscopy infectivity physiology Microbiology QR1-502 Diane G. Edmondson Bo Hu Steven J. Norris Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Investigation of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the spirochete that causes syphilis, has been hindered by an inability to culture the organism continuously in vitro despite more than a century of effort. In this study, long-term logarithmic multiplication of T. pallidum was attained through subculture every 6 to 7 days and periodic feeding using a modified medium (T. pallidum culture medium 2 [TpCM-2]) with a previously described microaerobic, rabbit epithelial cell coincubation system. Currently, cultures have maintained continuous growth for over 6 months with full retention of viability as measured by motility and rabbit infectivity. This system has been applied successfully to the well-studied Nichols strain of T. pallidum, as well as to two recent syphilis isolates, UW231B and UW249B. Light microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy showed that in vitro-cultured T. pallidum retains wild-type morphology. Further refinement of this long-term subculture system is expected to facilitate study of the physiological, genetic, pathological, immunologic, and antimicrobial susceptibility properties of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum and closely related pathogenic Treponema species and subspecies. IMPORTANCE Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with a global distribution, is caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium called Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Previously, T. pallidum was one of the few major bacterial pathogens that had not been cultured long-term in vitro (in a test tube), greatly hindering efforts to better understand this organism and the disease that it causes. In this article, we report the successful long-term cultivation of T. pallidum in a tissue culture system, a finding that is likely to enhance our ability to obtain new information applicable to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis.
format	article
author	Diane G. Edmondson Bo Hu Steven J. Norris
author_facet	Diane G. Edmondson Bo Hu Steven J. Norris
author_sort	Diane G. Edmondson
title	Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
title_short	Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
title_full	Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
title_fullStr	Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
title_sort	long-term <italic toggle="yes">in vitro</italic> culture of the syphilis spirochete <italic toggle="yes">treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e1600f2a2744b4ebcd804132197efda
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Long-Term <italic toggle="yes">In Vitro</italic> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <italic toggle="yes">Treponema pallidum</italic> subsp. <italic toggle="yes">pallidum</italic>

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