A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes

The strategic idea in this work was to increase pH values by employing natural alkali sources (i.e., HCO3− and CO32−) from four tested agro-ashes as an alternative to chemicals (i.e., lime or soda ash). The c...

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Autores principales:	Safaa El-Nahas, Abdulrahem S. Arafat, Hanan Salah El Din, Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani, Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Hesham M. Alsoghier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hardness removal agro-ash agro-waste removing calcium ions SWOT analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e23f60f994e4ddfad504ea245c14958
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e23f60f994e4ddfad504ea245c149582021-11-25T18:27:10ZA Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes10.3390/molecules262267771420-3049https://doaj.org/article/7e23f60f994e4ddfad504ea245c149582021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6777https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The strategic idea in this work was to increase pH values by employing natural alkali sources (i.e., HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) from four tested agro-ashes as an alternative to chemicals (i.e., lime or soda ash). The considerable proportion of carbonates and bicarbonates in the investigated ash products had remarkable features, making them viable resources. All ash materials showed a significant ability for Ca ion elimination at high initial Ca ion concentrations. A slight quantity of ash (10 g/L) was sufficient for usage on very hard water contents up to 3000 ppm. Finally, the tested agro-ash was free of cost. Furthermore, unlike other conventional precipitants, such as NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and CaO, they are cost effective and ecologically sustainable. There is no need to employ any additional chemicals or modify the agro-ash materials throughout the treatment process. The benefits of the manufactured ash were assessed using a SWOT analysis.Safaa El-NahasAbdulrahem S. ArafatHanan Salah El DinAbdulrahman G. AlhamzaniMortaga M. Abou-KrishaHesham M. AlsoghierMDPI AGarticlehardness removalagro-ashagro-wasteremoving calcium ionsSWOT analysisOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6777, p 6777 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hardness removal agro-ash agro-waste removing calcium ions SWOT analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	hardness removal agro-ash agro-waste removing calcium ions SWOT analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441 Safaa El-Nahas Abdulrahem S. Arafat Hanan Salah El Din Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha Hesham M. Alsoghier A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
description	The strategic idea in this work was to increase pH values by employing natural alkali sources (i.e., HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) from four tested agro-ashes as an alternative to chemicals (i.e., lime or soda ash). The considerable proportion of carbonates and bicarbonates in the investigated ash products had remarkable features, making them viable resources. All ash materials showed a significant ability for Ca ion elimination at high initial Ca ion concentrations. A slight quantity of ash (10 g/L) was sufficient for usage on very hard water contents up to 3000 ppm. Finally, the tested agro-ash was free of cost. Furthermore, unlike other conventional precipitants, such as NaOH, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and CaO, they are cost effective and ecologically sustainable. There is no need to employ any additional chemicals or modify the agro-ash materials throughout the treatment process. The benefits of the manufactured ash were assessed using a SWOT analysis.
format	article
author	Safaa El-Nahas Abdulrahem S. Arafat Hanan Salah El Din Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha Hesham M. Alsoghier
author_facet	Safaa El-Nahas Abdulrahem S. Arafat Hanan Salah El Din Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha Hesham M. Alsoghier
author_sort	Safaa El-Nahas
title	A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
title_short	A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
title_full	A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
title_fullStr	A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
title_full_unstemmed	A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes
title_sort	novel alternative methods for decalcification of water resources using green agro-ashes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e23f60f994e4ddfad504ea245c14958
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A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes

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