CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of preventable death in HIV-positive patients, and yet often remains undiagnosed and untreated. Chest x-ray is often used to assist in diagnosis, yet this presents additional challenges due to atypical radiographic presentation and radiologist shortage...

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Autores principales: Pranav Rajpurkar, Chloe O’Connell, Amit Schechter, Nishit Asnani, Jason Li, Amirhossein Kiani, Robyn L. Ball, Marc Mendelson, Gary Maartens, Daniël J. van Hoving, Rulan Griesel, Andrew Y. Ng, Tom H. Boyles, Matthew P. Lungren
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2020
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7e39bc9219eb4fc4b15d71d68221dc992021-12-02T17:41:16ZCheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV10.1038/s41746-020-00322-22398-6352https://doaj.org/article/7e39bc9219eb4fc4b15d71d68221dc992020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00322-2https://doaj.org/toc/2398-6352Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of preventable death in HIV-positive patients, and yet often remains undiagnosed and untreated. Chest x-ray is often used to assist in diagnosis, yet this presents additional challenges due to atypical radiographic presentation and radiologist shortages in regions where co-infection is most common. We developed a deep learning algorithm to diagnose TB using clinical information and chest x-ray images from 677 HIV-positive patients with suspected TB from two hospitals in South Africa. We then sought to determine whether the algorithm could assist clinicians in the diagnosis of TB in HIV-positive patients as a web-based diagnostic assistant. Use of the algorithm resulted in a modest but statistically significant improvement in clinician accuracy (p = 0.002), increasing the mean clinician accuracy from 0.60 (95% CI 0.57, 0.63) without assistance to 0.65 (95% CI 0.60, 0.70) with assistance. However, the accuracy of assisted clinicians was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of the stand-alone algorithm, which had an accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI 0.77, 0.82) on the same unseen test cases. These results suggest that deep learning assistance may improve clinician accuracy in TB diagnosis using chest x-rays, which would be valuable in settings with a high burden of HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, the high accuracy of the stand-alone algorithm suggests a potential value particularly in settings with a scarcity of radiological expertise.Pranav RajpurkarChloe O’ConnellAmit SchechterNishit AsnaniJason LiAmirhossein KianiRobyn L. BallMarc MendelsonGary MaartensDaniël J. van HovingRulan GrieselAndrew Y. NgTom H. BoylesMatthew P. LungrenNature PortfolioarticleComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7ENnpj Digital Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2020)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
R858-859.7
spellingShingle Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
R858-859.7
Pranav Rajpurkar
Chloe O’Connell
Amit Schechter
Nishit Asnani
Jason Li
Amirhossein Kiani
Robyn L. Ball
Marc Mendelson
Gary Maartens
Daniël J. van Hoving
Rulan Griesel
Andrew Y. Ng
Tom H. Boyles
Matthew P. Lungren
CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
description Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of preventable death in HIV-positive patients, and yet often remains undiagnosed and untreated. Chest x-ray is often used to assist in diagnosis, yet this presents additional challenges due to atypical radiographic presentation and radiologist shortages in regions where co-infection is most common. We developed a deep learning algorithm to diagnose TB using clinical information and chest x-ray images from 677 HIV-positive patients with suspected TB from two hospitals in South Africa. We then sought to determine whether the algorithm could assist clinicians in the diagnosis of TB in HIV-positive patients as a web-based diagnostic assistant. Use of the algorithm resulted in a modest but statistically significant improvement in clinician accuracy (p = 0.002), increasing the mean clinician accuracy from 0.60 (95% CI 0.57, 0.63) without assistance to 0.65 (95% CI 0.60, 0.70) with assistance. However, the accuracy of assisted clinicians was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of the stand-alone algorithm, which had an accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI 0.77, 0.82) on the same unseen test cases. These results suggest that deep learning assistance may improve clinician accuracy in TB diagnosis using chest x-rays, which would be valuable in settings with a high burden of HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, the high accuracy of the stand-alone algorithm suggests a potential value particularly in settings with a scarcity of radiological expertise.
format article
author Pranav Rajpurkar
Chloe O’Connell
Amit Schechter
Nishit Asnani
Jason Li
Amirhossein Kiani
Robyn L. Ball
Marc Mendelson
Gary Maartens
Daniël J. van Hoving
Rulan Griesel
Andrew Y. Ng
Tom H. Boyles
Matthew P. Lungren
author_facet Pranav Rajpurkar
Chloe O’Connell
Amit Schechter
Nishit Asnani
Jason Li
Amirhossein Kiani
Robyn L. Ball
Marc Mendelson
Gary Maartens
Daniël J. van Hoving
Rulan Griesel
Andrew Y. Ng
Tom H. Boyles
Matthew P. Lungren
author_sort Pranav Rajpurkar
title CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
title_short CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
title_full CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
title_fullStr CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
title_full_unstemmed CheXaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with HIV
title_sort chexaid: deep learning assistance for physician diagnosis of tuberculosis using chest x-rays in patients with hiv
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2020
url https://doaj.org/article/7e39bc9219eb4fc4b15d71d68221dc99
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