Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement

Underwater concrete is a cohesive self-consolidated concrete used for concreting underwater structures such as bridge piers. Conventional concrete used anti-washout admixture (AWA) to form a high-viscosity underwater concrete to minimise the dispersion of concrete material into the surrounding water...

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Autores principales:	Zarina Yahya, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Long-yuan Li, Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis, Muhammad Aiman Asyraf Zainal Hakimi, Andrei Victor Sandu, Petrica Vizureanu, Rafiza Abd Razak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alkali-activated underwater placement class C fly ash seawater fresh water Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e3f5fb7c6f34ea59aa99aaebea12042
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e3f5fb7c6f34ea59aa99aaebea120422021-11-25T18:14:14ZBehavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement10.3390/ma142268651996-1944https://doaj.org/article/7e3f5fb7c6f34ea59aa99aaebea120422021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6865https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Underwater concrete is a cohesive self-consolidated concrete used for concreting underwater structures such as bridge piers. Conventional concrete used anti-washout admixture (AWA) to form a high-viscosity underwater concrete to minimise the dispersion of concrete material into the surrounding water. The reduction of quality for conventional concrete is mainly due to the washing out of cement and fine particles upon casting in the water. This research focused on the detailed investigations into the setting time, washout effect, compressive strength, and chemical composition analysis of alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) paste through underwater placement in seawater and freshwater. Class C fly ash as source materials, sodium silicate, and sodium hydroxide solution as alkaline activator were used for this study. Specimens produced through underwater placement in seawater showed impressive performance with strength 71.10 MPa on 28 days. According to the Standard of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), the strength of specimens for underwater placement must not be lower than 80% of the specimen’s strength prepared in dry conditions. As result, the AAFA specimens only showed 12.11% reduction in strength compared to the specimen prepared in dry conditions, thus proving that AAFA paste has high potential to be applied in seawater and freshwater applications.Zarina YahyaMohd Mustafa Al Bakri AbdullahLong-yuan LiDumitru Doru Burduhos NergisMuhammad Aiman Asyraf Zainal HakimiAndrei Victor SanduPetrica VizureanuRafiza Abd RazakMDPI AGarticlealkali-activatedunderwater placementclass C fly ashseawaterfresh waterTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6865, p 6865 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alkali-activated underwater placement class C fly ash seawater fresh water Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	alkali-activated underwater placement class C fly ash seawater fresh water Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Zarina Yahya Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Long-yuan Li Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis Muhammad Aiman Asyraf Zainal Hakimi Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Rafiza Abd Razak Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
description	Underwater concrete is a cohesive self-consolidated concrete used for concreting underwater structures such as bridge piers. Conventional concrete used anti-washout admixture (AWA) to form a high-viscosity underwater concrete to minimise the dispersion of concrete material into the surrounding water. The reduction of quality for conventional concrete is mainly due to the washing out of cement and fine particles upon casting in the water. This research focused on the detailed investigations into the setting time, washout effect, compressive strength, and chemical composition analysis of alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) paste through underwater placement in seawater and freshwater. Class C fly ash as source materials, sodium silicate, and sodium hydroxide solution as alkaline activator were used for this study. Specimens produced through underwater placement in seawater showed impressive performance with strength 71.10 MPa on 28 days. According to the Standard of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), the strength of specimens for underwater placement must not be lower than 80% of the specimen’s strength prepared in dry conditions. As result, the AAFA specimens only showed 12.11% reduction in strength compared to the specimen prepared in dry conditions, thus proving that AAFA paste has high potential to be applied in seawater and freshwater applications.
format	article
author	Zarina Yahya Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Long-yuan Li Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis Muhammad Aiman Asyraf Zainal Hakimi Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Rafiza Abd Razak
author_facet	Zarina Yahya Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Long-yuan Li Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis Muhammad Aiman Asyraf Zainal Hakimi Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Rafiza Abd Razak
author_sort	Zarina Yahya
title	Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
title_short	Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
title_full	Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
title_fullStr	Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
title_full_unstemmed	Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement
title_sort	behavior of alkali-activated fly ash through underwater placement
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e3f5fb7c6f34ea59aa99aaebea12042
work_keys_str_mv	AT zarinayahya behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT mohdmustafaalbakriabdullah behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT longyuanli behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT dumitrudoruburduhosnergis behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT muhammadaimanasyrafzainalhakimi behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT andreivictorsandu behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT petricavizureanu behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement AT rafizaabdrazak behaviorofalkaliactivatedflyashthroughunderwaterplacement
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Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash through Underwater Placement

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