The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.

The human intestinal microbiota is essential to the health of the host and plays a role in nutrition, development, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and regulation of immune responses. Antibiotics may disrupt these coevolved interactions, leading to acute or chronic disease in some individuals. Our u...

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Autores principales:	Les Dethlefsen, Sue Huse, Mitchell L Sogin, David A Relman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e4d5efb210d4a7da52cebf4ac34f38e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e4d5efb210d4a7da52cebf4ac34f38e2021-11-25T05:33:56ZThe pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.0060280https://doaj.org/article/7e4d5efb210d4a7da52cebf4ac34f38e2008-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19018661/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The human intestinal microbiota is essential to the health of the host and plays a role in nutrition, development, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and regulation of immune responses. Antibiotics may disrupt these coevolved interactions, leading to acute or chronic disease in some individuals. Our understanding of antibiotic-associated disturbance of the microbiota has been limited by the poor sensitivity, inadequate resolution, and significant cost of current research methods. The use of pyrosequencing technology to generate large numbers of 16S rDNA sequence tags circumvents these limitations and has been shown to reveal previously unexplored aspects of the "rare biosphere." We investigated the distal gut bacterial communities of three healthy humans before and after treatment with ciprofloxacin, obtaining more than 7,000 full-length rRNA sequences and over 900,000 pyrosequencing reads from two hypervariable regions of the rRNA gene. A companion paper in PLoS Genetics (see Huse et al., doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000255) shows that the taxonomic information obtained with these methods is concordant. Pyrosequencing of the V6 and V3 variable regions identified 3,300-5,700 taxa that collectively accounted for over 99% of the variable region sequence tags that could be obtained from these samples. Ciprofloxacin treatment influenced the abundance of about a third of the bacterial taxa in the gut, decreasing the taxonomic richness, diversity, and evenness of the community. However, the magnitude of this effect varied among individuals, and some taxa showed interindividual variation in the response to ciprofloxacin. While differences of community composition between individuals were the largest source of variability between samples, we found that two unrelated individuals shared a surprising degree of community similarity. In all three individuals, the taxonomic composition of the community closely resembled its pretreatment state by 4 weeks after the end of treatment, but several taxa failed to recover within 6 months. These pervasive effects of ciprofloxacin on community composition contrast with the reports by participants of normal intestinal function and with prior assumptions of only modest effects of ciprofloxacin on the intestinal microbiota. These observations support the hypothesis of functional redundancy in the human gut microbiota. The rapid return to the pretreatment community composition is indicative of factors promoting community resilience, the nature of which deserves future investigation.Les DethlefsenSue HuseMitchell L SoginDavid A RelmanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e280 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Les Dethlefsen Sue Huse Mitchell L Sogin David A Relman The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
description	The human intestinal microbiota is essential to the health of the host and plays a role in nutrition, development, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and regulation of immune responses. Antibiotics may disrupt these coevolved interactions, leading to acute or chronic disease in some individuals. Our understanding of antibiotic-associated disturbance of the microbiota has been limited by the poor sensitivity, inadequate resolution, and significant cost of current research methods. The use of pyrosequencing technology to generate large numbers of 16S rDNA sequence tags circumvents these limitations and has been shown to reveal previously unexplored aspects of the "rare biosphere." We investigated the distal gut bacterial communities of three healthy humans before and after treatment with ciprofloxacin, obtaining more than 7,000 full-length rRNA sequences and over 900,000 pyrosequencing reads from two hypervariable regions of the rRNA gene. A companion paper in PLoS Genetics (see Huse et al., doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000255) shows that the taxonomic information obtained with these methods is concordant. Pyrosequencing of the V6 and V3 variable regions identified 3,300-5,700 taxa that collectively accounted for over 99% of the variable region sequence tags that could be obtained from these samples. Ciprofloxacin treatment influenced the abundance of about a third of the bacterial taxa in the gut, decreasing the taxonomic richness, diversity, and evenness of the community. However, the magnitude of this effect varied among individuals, and some taxa showed interindividual variation in the response to ciprofloxacin. While differences of community composition between individuals were the largest source of variability between samples, we found that two unrelated individuals shared a surprising degree of community similarity. In all three individuals, the taxonomic composition of the community closely resembled its pretreatment state by 4 weeks after the end of treatment, but several taxa failed to recover within 6 months. These pervasive effects of ciprofloxacin on community composition contrast with the reports by participants of normal intestinal function and with prior assumptions of only modest effects of ciprofloxacin on the intestinal microbiota. These observations support the hypothesis of functional redundancy in the human gut microbiota. The rapid return to the pretreatment community composition is indicative of factors promoting community resilience, the nature of which deserves future investigation.
format	article
author	Les Dethlefsen Sue Huse Mitchell L Sogin David A Relman
author_facet	Les Dethlefsen Sue Huse Mitchell L Sogin David A Relman
author_sort	Les Dethlefsen
title	The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
title_short	The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
title_full	The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
title_fullStr	The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
title_full_unstemmed	The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.
title_sort	pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16s rrna sequencing.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e4d5efb210d4a7da52cebf4ac34f38e
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The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing.

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