Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation

Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation

Cockroaches cause problems as pests not only locally in residential areas but also internationally, as they can disperse across borders in transport vessels. We investigated the effects of the ethyl formate (EF) fumigant on all developmental stages of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i...

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Autores principales: Hyun-Kyung Kim, Hanchan Park, Seung-Ju Seok, Yejin Kyung, Gil-Hah Kim
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
<i>Blattella germanica</i>
<i>Periplaneta americana</i>
cockroach
ethyl formate
fumigation
Science
Q
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/7e4dd53692724718bddeccd17062407b
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7e4dd53692724718bddeccd17062407b2021-11-25T17:59:43ZEffectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation10.3390/insects121110102075-4450https://doaj.org/article/7e4dd53692724718bddeccd17062407b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1010https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Cockroaches cause problems as pests not only locally in residential areas but also internationally, as they can disperse across borders in transport vessels. We investigated the effects of the ethyl formate (EF) fumigant on all developmental stages of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i>. For <i>B. germanica</i> eggs, the hatching inhibition rate increased directly proportionately with the increasing treatment concentration of EF, but the 100% control was not observed. <i>P. americana</i> eggs did not show any fumigation effect, even after exposure to 60 mg/L of fumigant in a 12 L desiccator. Adults and nymphs of the two species showed various fumigation effects dependent on the concentration in the 12 L desiccator. When EF was applied at the lethal concentration for 99% mortality (LCT<sub>99</sub>) values of 35 mg/L for 4 h (78.5 mg·h/L) and 60 mg/L for 2 h (70.8 mg·h/L), respectively, adults and nymphs of both species had 100% mortality in a 0.65 m<sup>3</sup> fumigation chamber with a 20% loading ratio. However, no significant difference from the control was observed in the egg stage of either species of cockroach. The results of this experiment indicate that EF can be used as a fumigant for cross-border transport vessels if the control period occurs during the cockroach developmental stage and continuous refumigation is performed.Hyun-Kyung KimHanchan ParkSeung-Ju SeokYejin KyungGil-Hah KimMDPI AGarticle<i>Blattella germanica</i><i>Periplaneta americana</i>cockroachethyl formatefumigationScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1010, p 1010 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic <i>Blattella germanica</i>
<i>Periplaneta americana</i>
cockroach
ethyl formate
fumigation
Science
Q
spellingShingle <i>Blattella germanica</i>
<i>Periplaneta americana</i>
cockroach
ethyl formate
fumigation
Science
Q
Hyun-Kyung Kim
Hanchan Park
Seung-Ju Seok
Yejin Kyung
Gil-Hah Kim
Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
description Cockroaches cause problems as pests not only locally in residential areas but also internationally, as they can disperse across borders in transport vessels. We investigated the effects of the ethyl formate (EF) fumigant on all developmental stages of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i>. For <i>B. germanica</i> eggs, the hatching inhibition rate increased directly proportionately with the increasing treatment concentration of EF, but the 100% control was not observed. <i>P. americana</i> eggs did not show any fumigation effect, even after exposure to 60 mg/L of fumigant in a 12 L desiccator. Adults and nymphs of the two species showed various fumigation effects dependent on the concentration in the 12 L desiccator. When EF was applied at the lethal concentration for 99% mortality (LCT<sub>99</sub>) values of 35 mg/L for 4 h (78.5 mg·h/L) and 60 mg/L for 2 h (70.8 mg·h/L), respectively, adults and nymphs of both species had 100% mortality in a 0.65 m<sup>3</sup> fumigation chamber with a 20% loading ratio. However, no significant difference from the control was observed in the egg stage of either species of cockroach. The results of this experiment indicate that EF can be used as a fumigant for cross-border transport vessels if the control period occurs during the cockroach developmental stage and continuous refumigation is performed.
format article
author Hyun-Kyung Kim
Hanchan Park
Seung-Ju Seok
Yejin Kyung
Gil-Hah Kim
author_facet Hyun-Kyung Kim
Hanchan Park
Seung-Ju Seok
Yejin Kyung
Gil-Hah Kim
author_sort Hyun-Kyung Kim
title Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
title_short Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
title_full Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Ethyl Formate as a Fumigant of <i>Blattella germanica</i> and <i>Periplaneta americana</i> (Blattodea: Ectobiidae, Blattidae) in Cross-Border Trade Transportation
title_sort effectiveness of ethyl formate as a fumigant of <i>blattella germanica</i> and <i>periplaneta americana</i> (blattodea: ectobiidae, blattidae) in cross-border trade transportation
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/7e4dd53692724718bddeccd17062407b
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