Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams

Abstract Knowledge of the fundamental aspects of ecology such as the patterns of fish species distribution and biodiversity in the forest streams is the first and basic step to develop effective conservation strategies. Yet, studies on altitudinal changes of fish composition and assemblages in Borne...

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Autores principales:	Chen-Lin Soo, Lee Nyanti, Nur Ezaimah Idris, Teck-Yee Ling, Siong-Fong Sim, Jongkar Grinang, Tonny Ganyai, Karen-Suan-Ping Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e637d0a93e14a1da143e5e29608035a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e637d0a93e14a1da143e5e29608035a2021-12-02T16:45:47ZFish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams10.1038/s41598-021-96253-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7e637d0a93e14a1da143e5e29608035a2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96253-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Knowledge of the fundamental aspects of ecology such as the patterns of fish species distribution and biodiversity in the forest streams is the first and basic step to develop effective conservation strategies. Yet, studies on altitudinal changes of fish composition and assemblages in Bornean forest streams are scarce despite being one of the hotspots of biodiversity conservation. Hence, surveys on freshwater fish composition along the altitudinal gradients of the Baleh River Basin in Sarawak, Borneo were conducted from April 2014 to August 2015. The Baleh River Basin was divided into seven altitudinal groups with a total of 72 stations. Group elevation ranged from 53 to 269 m above sea level. The fish samples and environmental parameters were taken concurrently during samplings. A total of 3565 specimens belonging to six orders, 14 families, and 76 species were found in the present study. The most dominant family in the Baleh River Basin was Cyprinidae (74.4%), followed by Gastromyzontidae (16.2%) while the most dominant species was Tor tambra (12.9%), followed by Lobocheilos ovalis (12.3%). Fish abundance significantly higher at high altitude sites than those at low altitude sites except for Mengiong River which has the lowest fish abundance despite with high elevation. Species richness was found significantly lower in midstream segment. Noticeable altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages was observed along the Baleh River except a discontinuity at the midstream segment which is attributable to the poorer quality inflow from the Mengiong River coupled with the meandering feature of the segment. Fish abundance was significantly and positively correlated with elevation, water pH and conductivity while negatively correlated with turbidity. Anthropogenic activities in the Baleh River Basin had altered the environmental variables thus disrupted the altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages. This phenomenon is apparent when the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that the first axis (CCA1) explained 42.5% of the variation and has positive loading on dissolved oxygen (DO) and negative loading on water conductivity; whereas CCA2 explained 37.5% of the variation and positively loaded on elevation, water pH, and DO. The results demonstrated that Gastromyzon fasciatus preferred more oxygenated water than Protomyzon sp., G. sp 1, and G. punctulatus although they are all from Gastromyzontidae family that inhabiting high altitude sites. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was also found most abundant with elevated dissolved oxygen value. On the other hand, Rasbora volzii and R. hosii inhabiting lower altitude sites with less oxygenated and more acidic water.Chen-Lin SooLee NyantiNur Ezaimah IdrisTeck-Yee LingSiong-Fong SimJongkar GrinangTonny GanyaiKaren-Suan-Ping LeeNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chen-Lin Soo Lee Nyanti Nur Ezaimah Idris Teck-Yee Ling Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang Tonny Ganyai Karen-Suan-Ping Lee Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
description	Abstract Knowledge of the fundamental aspects of ecology such as the patterns of fish species distribution and biodiversity in the forest streams is the first and basic step to develop effective conservation strategies. Yet, studies on altitudinal changes of fish composition and assemblages in Bornean forest streams are scarce despite being one of the hotspots of biodiversity conservation. Hence, surveys on freshwater fish composition along the altitudinal gradients of the Baleh River Basin in Sarawak, Borneo were conducted from April 2014 to August 2015. The Baleh River Basin was divided into seven altitudinal groups with a total of 72 stations. Group elevation ranged from 53 to 269 m above sea level. The fish samples and environmental parameters were taken concurrently during samplings. A total of 3565 specimens belonging to six orders, 14 families, and 76 species were found in the present study. The most dominant family in the Baleh River Basin was Cyprinidae (74.4%), followed by Gastromyzontidae (16.2%) while the most dominant species was Tor tambra (12.9%), followed by Lobocheilos ovalis (12.3%). Fish abundance significantly higher at high altitude sites than those at low altitude sites except for Mengiong River which has the lowest fish abundance despite with high elevation. Species richness was found significantly lower in midstream segment. Noticeable altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages was observed along the Baleh River except a discontinuity at the midstream segment which is attributable to the poorer quality inflow from the Mengiong River coupled with the meandering feature of the segment. Fish abundance was significantly and positively correlated with elevation, water pH and conductivity while negatively correlated with turbidity. Anthropogenic activities in the Baleh River Basin had altered the environmental variables thus disrupted the altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages. This phenomenon is apparent when the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that the first axis (CCA1) explained 42.5% of the variation and has positive loading on dissolved oxygen (DO) and negative loading on water conductivity; whereas CCA2 explained 37.5% of the variation and positively loaded on elevation, water pH, and DO. The results demonstrated that Gastromyzon fasciatus preferred more oxygenated water than Protomyzon sp., G. sp 1, and G. punctulatus although they are all from Gastromyzontidae family that inhabiting high altitude sites. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was also found most abundant with elevated dissolved oxygen value. On the other hand, Rasbora volzii and R. hosii inhabiting lower altitude sites with less oxygenated and more acidic water.
format	article
author	Chen-Lin Soo Lee Nyanti Nur Ezaimah Idris Teck-Yee Ling Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang Tonny Ganyai Karen-Suan-Ping Lee
author_facet	Chen-Lin Soo Lee Nyanti Nur Ezaimah Idris Teck-Yee Ling Siong-Fong Sim Jongkar Grinang Tonny Ganyai Karen-Suan-Ping Lee
author_sort	Chen-Lin Soo
title	Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
title_short	Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
title_full	Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
title_fullStr	Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
title_full_unstemmed	Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
title_sort	fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e637d0a93e14a1da143e5e29608035a
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Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams

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