High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database

Strabismus is associated with amblyopia and a lower quality of life. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among children and adolescents, and influences their academic, vocational, and social life. Previous studies have suggested an association between strabismus and ADHD. Using...

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Autores principales:	Chia-Ying Tsai, Chien-Chia Su, Yao-Lin Liu, I-Ju Tsai, Tzu-Hsun Tsai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	strabismus ADHD esotropia Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e6d07a7ffa347f5a01a1fa906347f63
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e6d07a7ffa347f5a01a1fa906347f632021-11-25T18:10:35ZHigh Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database10.3390/life111111392075-1729https://doaj.org/article/7e6d07a7ffa347f5a01a1fa906347f632021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1139https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729Strabismus is associated with amblyopia and a lower quality of life. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among children and adolescents, and influences their academic, vocational, and social life. Previous studies have suggested an association between strabismus and ADHD. Using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2010, we performed a large-scale cohort study comparing the incidence, risk factors, and severity of ADHD in children with and without strabismus. A total of 2049 patients <18 years old with newly diagnosed strabismus (esotropia: 404; exotropia: 1645) were identified, and 8196 age- and sex-matched controls without strabismus were also included. After an average of 6.5 ± 2.9 years of follow-up, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person-years was 5.39 in the strabismus group (esotropia: 9.93; exotropia: 4.11) and 3.23 in the control group. The cumulative incidence of ADHD was significantly greater in the esotropia (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.36–3.06; <i>p</i> = 0.0007) and exotropia groups (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03–2.03; <i>p</i> = 0.038) than in the controls. Patients with strabismus had more comorbidities than those without (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In summary, this large-scale study found a higher cumulative incidence of ADHD in patients with strabismus, especially in those with esotropia.Chia-Ying TsaiChien-Chia SuYao-Lin LiuI-Ju TsaiTzu-Hsun TsaiMDPI AGarticlestrabismusADHDesotropiaScienceQENLife, Vol 11, Iss 1139, p 1139 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	strabismus ADHD esotropia Science Q
spellingShingle	strabismus ADHD esotropia Science Q Chia-Ying Tsai Chien-Chia Su Yao-Lin Liu I-Ju Tsai Tzu-Hsun Tsai High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
description	Strabismus is associated with amblyopia and a lower quality of life. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among children and adolescents, and influences their academic, vocational, and social life. Previous studies have suggested an association between strabismus and ADHD. Using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2010, we performed a large-scale cohort study comparing the incidence, risk factors, and severity of ADHD in children with and without strabismus. A total of 2049 patients <18 years old with newly diagnosed strabismus (esotropia: 404; exotropia: 1645) were identified, and 8196 age- and sex-matched controls without strabismus were also included. After an average of 6.5 ± 2.9 years of follow-up, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person-years was 5.39 in the strabismus group (esotropia: 9.93; exotropia: 4.11) and 3.23 in the control group. The cumulative incidence of ADHD was significantly greater in the esotropia (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.36–3.06; <i>p</i> = 0.0007) and exotropia groups (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03–2.03; <i>p</i> = 0.038) than in the controls. Patients with strabismus had more comorbidities than those without (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In summary, this large-scale study found a higher cumulative incidence of ADHD in patients with strabismus, especially in those with esotropia.
format	article
author	Chia-Ying Tsai Chien-Chia Su Yao-Lin Liu I-Ju Tsai Tzu-Hsun Tsai
author_facet	Chia-Ying Tsai Chien-Chia Su Yao-Lin Liu I-Ju Tsai Tzu-Hsun Tsai
author_sort	Chia-Ying Tsai
title	High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
title_short	High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
title_full	High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
title_fullStr	High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
title_full_unstemmed	High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
title_sort	high risk for attention-deficit hyperactive disorder in children with strabismus: a nationwide cohort study from the national health insurance research database
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e6d07a7ffa347f5a01a1fa906347f63
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High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database

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