Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression

Proactive aggression (PA) is a planned and unprovoked form of aggression that is most often enacted for personal gain or in anticipation of a reward. Frequently described as “cold-blooded” or goal oriented, PA is thought to be associated with low autonomic arousal. With this view in mind, we perform...

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Autores principales:	Kimberly D. Belfry, Nathan J. Kolla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	proactive aggression autonomic function HPA axis twin studies molecular genetics event-related potentials Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e6dd0ffb270498b9c1e4dbcf2016c51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e6dd0ffb270498b9c1e4dbcf2016c512021-11-25T16:56:44ZCold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression10.3390/brainsci111114122076-3425https://doaj.org/article/7e6dd0ffb270498b9c1e4dbcf2016c512021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1412https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Proactive aggression (PA) is a planned and unprovoked form of aggression that is most often enacted for personal gain or in anticipation of a reward. Frequently described as “cold-blooded” or goal oriented, PA is thought to be associated with low autonomic arousal. With this view in mind, we performed a scoping review of the biological correlates of PA and identified 74 relevant articles. Physiological findings indicated a robust association between PA and reduced resting heart rate, and to a lesser extent a relationship between PA and decreased heart rate and skin conductance reactivity, perhaps indicating dampened sympathetic function. The twin literature identified PA as a heritable trait, but little evidence implicates specific genes in the pathogenesis of PA. Neuroimaging studies of PA pinpoint impaired amygdala function in the assessment and conditioning of aversive stimuli, which may influence the establishment of behavioral patterns. Nodes of the default mode network were identified as possible neural correlates of PA, suggesting that altered function of this network may be involved in the genesis of PA. Given the overlap of PA with reactive aggression and the overall behavioral complexity of PA, it is clear that multiple endophenotypes of PA exist. This comprehensive review surveys the most salient neurobiologically informed research on PA.Kimberly D. BelfryNathan J. KollaMDPI AGarticleproactive aggressionautonomic functionHPA axistwin studiesmolecular geneticsevent-related potentialsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1412, p 1412 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	proactive aggression autonomic function HPA axis twin studies molecular genetics event-related potentials Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	proactive aggression autonomic function HPA axis twin studies molecular genetics event-related potentials Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Kimberly D. Belfry Nathan J. Kolla Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
description	Proactive aggression (PA) is a planned and unprovoked form of aggression that is most often enacted for personal gain or in anticipation of a reward. Frequently described as “cold-blooded” or goal oriented, PA is thought to be associated with low autonomic arousal. With this view in mind, we performed a scoping review of the biological correlates of PA and identified 74 relevant articles. Physiological findings indicated a robust association between PA and reduced resting heart rate, and to a lesser extent a relationship between PA and decreased heart rate and skin conductance reactivity, perhaps indicating dampened sympathetic function. The twin literature identified PA as a heritable trait, but little evidence implicates specific genes in the pathogenesis of PA. Neuroimaging studies of PA pinpoint impaired amygdala function in the assessment and conditioning of aversive stimuli, which may influence the establishment of behavioral patterns. Nodes of the default mode network were identified as possible neural correlates of PA, suggesting that altered function of this network may be involved in the genesis of PA. Given the overlap of PA with reactive aggression and the overall behavioral complexity of PA, it is clear that multiple endophenotypes of PA exist. This comprehensive review surveys the most salient neurobiologically informed research on PA.
format	article
author	Kimberly D. Belfry Nathan J. Kolla
author_facet	Kimberly D. Belfry Nathan J. Kolla
author_sort	Kimberly D. Belfry
title	Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
title_short	Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
title_full	Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
title_fullStr	Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
title_full_unstemmed	Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression
title_sort	cold-blooded and on purpose: a review of the biology of proactive aggression
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e6dd0ffb270498b9c1e4dbcf2016c51
work_keys_str_mv	AT kimberlydbelfry coldbloodedandonpurposeareviewofthebiologyofproactiveaggression AT nathanjkolla coldbloodedandonpurposeareviewofthebiologyofproactiveaggression
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Cold-Blooded and on Purpose: A Review of the Biology of Proactive Aggression

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