Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises

Underwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists...

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Autores principales:	Vicente Puig-Pons, Ester Soliveres, Isabel Pérez-Arjona, Victor Espinosa, Pedro Poveda-Martínez, Jaime Ramis-Soriano, Patricia Ordoñez-Cebrián, Marek Moszyński, Fernando de la Gándara, Manuel Bou-Cabo, José L. Cort, Eladio Santaella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	underwater noise bluefin tuna offshore windmill behavior anthropogenic impact Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e6f01b0b0704cb582249cd2a0b14b05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e6f01b0b0704cb582249cd2a0b14b052021-11-11T19:02:27ZMonitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises10.3390/s212169981424-8220https://doaj.org/article/7e6f01b0b0704cb582249cd2a0b14b052021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/6998https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Underwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus</i>) when exposed to ship and wind turbine operational noises was implemented and tested in a fixed commercial tuna feeding cage in the Mediterranean sea. Fish behavior was continuously monitored, combining synchronized echosounder and video recording systems. Automatic information extracted from acoustical echograms was used to describe tuna reaction to noise in terms of average depth and vertical dimensions of the school and the indicators of swimming speed and tilt direction. Video recordings allowed us to detect changes in swimming patterns. Different kinds of stimuli were considered during bluefin tuna cage monitoring, such as noise generated by feeding boats, wind farm operational noise, and other synthetic signals projected in the medium using a broadband underwater projector. The monitoring system design was revealed as a successful methodological approach to record and quantify reactions to noise. The obtained results suggested that the observed reactions presented a strong relationship with insonification pressure level and time. Behavioral changes associated with noise are difficult to observe, especially in semi-free conditions; thus, the presented approach offered the opportunity to link anthropogenic activity with possible effects on a given marine species, suggesting the possibility of achieving a more realistic framework to assess the impacts of underwater noise on marine animals.Vicente Puig-PonsEster SoliveresIsabel Pérez-ArjonaVictor EspinosaPedro Poveda-MartínezJaime Ramis-SorianoPatricia Ordoñez-CebriánMarek MoszyńskiFernando de la GándaraManuel Bou-CaboJosé L. CortEladio SantaellaMDPI AGarticleunderwater noisebluefin tunaoffshore windmillbehavioranthropogenic impactChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 6998, p 6998 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	underwater noise bluefin tuna offshore windmill behavior anthropogenic impact Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	underwater noise bluefin tuna offshore windmill behavior anthropogenic impact Chemical technology TP1-1185 Vicente Puig-Pons Ester Soliveres Isabel Pérez-Arjona Victor Espinosa Pedro Poveda-Martínez Jaime Ramis-Soriano Patricia Ordoñez-Cebrián Marek Moszyński Fernando de la Gándara Manuel Bou-Cabo José L. Cort Eladio Santaella Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
description	Underwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus</i>) when exposed to ship and wind turbine operational noises was implemented and tested in a fixed commercial tuna feeding cage in the Mediterranean sea. Fish behavior was continuously monitored, combining synchronized echosounder and video recording systems. Automatic information extracted from acoustical echograms was used to describe tuna reaction to noise in terms of average depth and vertical dimensions of the school and the indicators of swimming speed and tilt direction. Video recordings allowed us to detect changes in swimming patterns. Different kinds of stimuli were considered during bluefin tuna cage monitoring, such as noise generated by feeding boats, wind farm operational noise, and other synthetic signals projected in the medium using a broadband underwater projector. The monitoring system design was revealed as a successful methodological approach to record and quantify reactions to noise. The obtained results suggested that the observed reactions presented a strong relationship with insonification pressure level and time. Behavioral changes associated with noise are difficult to observe, especially in semi-free conditions; thus, the presented approach offered the opportunity to link anthropogenic activity with possible effects on a given marine species, suggesting the possibility of achieving a more realistic framework to assess the impacts of underwater noise on marine animals.
format	article
author	Vicente Puig-Pons Ester Soliveres Isabel Pérez-Arjona Victor Espinosa Pedro Poveda-Martínez Jaime Ramis-Soriano Patricia Ordoñez-Cebrián Marek Moszyński Fernando de la Gándara Manuel Bou-Cabo José L. Cort Eladio Santaella
author_facet	Vicente Puig-Pons Ester Soliveres Isabel Pérez-Arjona Victor Espinosa Pedro Poveda-Martínez Jaime Ramis-Soriano Patricia Ordoñez-Cebrián Marek Moszyński Fernando de la Gándara Manuel Bou-Cabo José L. Cort Eladio Santaella
author_sort	Vicente Puig-Pons
title	Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
title_short	Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
title_full	Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
title_fullStr	Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
title_full_unstemmed	Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
title_sort	monitoring of caged bluefin tuna reactions to ship and offshore wind farm operational noises
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e6f01b0b0704cb582249cd2a0b14b05
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Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises

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