Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.

<h4>Background</h4>Fungi are the main organisms responsible for the degradation of biopolymers such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin in forest ecosystems. Soil surveys largely target fungal diversity, paying less attention to fungal activity.<h4>Methodology/principal...

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Autores principales:	Harald Kellner, Donald R Zak, Micheline Vandenbol
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e797f0caeb6479b819d1b144fb0f305
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e797f0caeb6479b819d1b144fb0f3052021-12-02T20:21:09ZFungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010971https://doaj.org/article/7e797f0caeb6479b819d1b144fb0f3052010-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20532045/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Fungi are the main organisms responsible for the degradation of biopolymers such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin in forest ecosystems. Soil surveys largely target fungal diversity, paying less attention to fungal activity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we have focused on the organic horizon of a hardwood forest dominated by sugar maple that spreads widely across Eastern North America. The sampling site included three plots receiving normal atmospheric nitrogen deposition and three that received an extra 3 g nitrogen m(2) y(1) in form of sodium nitrate pellets since 1994, which led to increased accumulation of organic matter in the soil. Our aim was to assess, in samples taken from all six plots, transcript-level expression of fungal genes encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes. For this we collected RNA from the forest soil, reverse-transcribed it, and amplified cDNAs of interest, using both published primer pairs as well as 23 newly developed ones. We thus detected transcript-level expression of 234 genes putatively encoding 26 different groups of fungal enzymes, notably major ligninolytic and diverse aromatic-oxidizing enzymes, various cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases, enzymes involved in chitin breakdown, N-acetylglucosamine metabolism, and cell wall degradation. Among the genes identified, 125 are homologous to known ascomycete genes and 105 to basidiomycete genes. Transcripts corresponding to all 26 enzyme groups were detected in both control and nitrogen-supplemented plots.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Many of these enzyme groups are known to be important in soil turnover processes, but the contribution of some is probably underestimated. Our data highlight the importance of ascomycetes, as well as basidiomycetes, in important biogeochemical cycles. In the nitrogen-supplemented plots, we have detected no transcript-level gap likely to explain the observed increased carbon storage, which is more likely due to community changes and perhaps transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional down-regulation of relevant genes.Harald KellnerDonald R ZakMicheline VandenbolPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 6, p e10971 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Harald Kellner Donald R Zak Micheline Vandenbol Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Fungi are the main organisms responsible for the degradation of biopolymers such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin in forest ecosystems. Soil surveys largely target fungal diversity, paying less attention to fungal activity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we have focused on the organic horizon of a hardwood forest dominated by sugar maple that spreads widely across Eastern North America. The sampling site included three plots receiving normal atmospheric nitrogen deposition and three that received an extra 3 g nitrogen m(2) y(1) in form of sodium nitrate pellets since 1994, which led to increased accumulation of organic matter in the soil. Our aim was to assess, in samples taken from all six plots, transcript-level expression of fungal genes encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes. For this we collected RNA from the forest soil, reverse-transcribed it, and amplified cDNAs of interest, using both published primer pairs as well as 23 newly developed ones. We thus detected transcript-level expression of 234 genes putatively encoding 26 different groups of fungal enzymes, notably major ligninolytic and diverse aromatic-oxidizing enzymes, various cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases, enzymes involved in chitin breakdown, N-acetylglucosamine metabolism, and cell wall degradation. Among the genes identified, 125 are homologous to known ascomycete genes and 105 to basidiomycete genes. Transcripts corresponding to all 26 enzyme groups were detected in both control and nitrogen-supplemented plots.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Many of these enzyme groups are known to be important in soil turnover processes, but the contribution of some is probably underestimated. Our data highlight the importance of ascomycetes, as well as basidiomycetes, in important biogeochemical cycles. In the nitrogen-supplemented plots, we have detected no transcript-level gap likely to explain the observed increased carbon storage, which is more likely due to community changes and perhaps transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional down-regulation of relevant genes.
format	article
author	Harald Kellner Donald R Zak Micheline Vandenbol
author_facet	Harald Kellner Donald R Zak Micheline Vandenbol
author_sort	Harald Kellner
title	Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
title_short	Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
title_full	Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
title_fullStr	Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
title_full_unstemmed	Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
title_sort	fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e797f0caeb6479b819d1b144fb0f305
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_version_	1718374173927014400

Fungi unearthed: transcripts encoding lignocellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes in forest soil.

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