Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization

In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testin...

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Autores principales:	Yang Xin, Shi Yun, Lu Yuhe, Mao Yinxue, Niu Shurui, Zhou Yue, Qin Kunming, Li Weidong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	licorice flavonoids microemulsion central composite design pseudo ternary phase diagram formulation evaluation transdermal delivery Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7e81a1d5d4024c39be4251443e5ce7cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7e81a1d5d4024c39be4251443e5ce7cc2021-11-18T09:41:16ZDevelopment of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization2673-301310.3389/fnano.2021.748791https://doaj.org/article/7e81a1d5d4024c39be4251443e5ce7cc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2021.748791/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-3013In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testing, and pseudo ternary phase diagram generation were implemented for screening components and optimized adopting the central composite design. While the tested responses were solubility, droplet size and PDI, thirteen trials were performed using two different variables, oil percentage and optimized emulsifier and co-emulsifier ratio. Microemulsions were then characterized for droplet size, PDI, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, entrapment efficiency, drug content and stability. Additionally, skin release profile, percutaneous absorption and retention were investigated adopting Franz diffusion cell. The optimal formulation was found to compose of laureth-9 (emulsifier, 6.72 g), propylene glycol (co-emulsifier, 1.80 g), isopropyl myristate (IPM, oil, 1.48 g), LFs (1.50 g) and at least more than 85% deionized water. The optimized and storage for 3 months of microemulsion was found to clear, light yellow color without phase separation or precipitation indicated the stability of the preparation to long-term placement. The mean droplet size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug content were discovered as 12.68 ± 0.12 nm, 0.049 ± 0.005, 97.28 ± 0.13% and 122.67 ± 0.40 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal formulation sustained release LFs, remarkably deliver more LFs through the skin layer (644.95 ± 6.73 μg cm−2) and significantly retained LFs in the skin layer (9.98 μg cm−2). The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and enhanced the dissolvability and cumulative penetration amount of LFs.Yang XinShi YunLu YuheMao YinxueNiu ShuruiZhou YueQin KunmingLi WeidongFrontiers Media S.A.articlelicorice flavonoidsmicroemulsioncentral composite designpseudo ternary phase diagramformulation evaluationtransdermal deliveryChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFrontiers in Nanotechnology, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	licorice flavonoids microemulsion central composite design pseudo ternary phase diagram formulation evaluation transdermal delivery Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	licorice flavonoids microemulsion central composite design pseudo ternary phase diagram formulation evaluation transdermal delivery Chemical technology TP1-1185 Yang Xin Shi Yun Lu Yuhe Mao Yinxue Niu Shurui Zhou Yue Qin Kunming Li Weidong Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
description	In this research, we sought to surmount the poor dissolvability and transdermal absorption rate of licorice flavonoids (LFs) by fabricating a LFs microemulsion. LFs content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Initial studies such as dissolution testing, emulsification testing, and pseudo ternary phase diagram generation were implemented for screening components and optimized adopting the central composite design. While the tested responses were solubility, droplet size and PDI, thirteen trials were performed using two different variables, oil percentage and optimized emulsifier and co-emulsifier ratio. Microemulsions were then characterized for droplet size, PDI, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, entrapment efficiency, drug content and stability. Additionally, skin release profile, percutaneous absorption and retention were investigated adopting Franz diffusion cell. The optimal formulation was found to compose of laureth-9 (emulsifier, 6.72 g), propylene glycol (co-emulsifier, 1.80 g), isopropyl myristate (IPM, oil, 1.48 g), LFs (1.50 g) and at least more than 85% deionized water. The optimized and storage for 3 months of microemulsion was found to clear, light yellow color without phase separation or precipitation indicated the stability of the preparation to long-term placement. The mean droplet size, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug content were discovered as 12.68 ± 0.12 nm, 0.049 ± 0.005, 97.28 ± 0.13% and 122.67 ± 0.40 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal formulation sustained release LFs, remarkably deliver more LFs through the skin layer (644.95 ± 6.73 μg cm−2) and significantly retained LFs in the skin layer (9.98 μg cm−2). The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and enhanced the dissolvability and cumulative penetration amount of LFs.
format	article
author	Yang Xin Shi Yun Lu Yuhe Mao Yinxue Niu Shurui Zhou Yue Qin Kunming Li Weidong
author_facet	Yang Xin Shi Yun Lu Yuhe Mao Yinxue Niu Shurui Zhou Yue Qin Kunming Li Weidong
author_sort	Yang Xin
title	Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
title_short	Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
title_full	Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
title_fullStr	Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
title_full_unstemmed	Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization
title_sort	development of licorice flavonoids loaded microemulsion for transdermal delivery using ccd-optimal experimental approach: formulation development and characterization
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7e81a1d5d4024c39be4251443e5ce7cc
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Development of Licorice Flavonoids Loaded Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery Using CCD-Optimal Experimental Approach: Formulation Development and Characterization

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