Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision

We explored the feasibility of using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon sensors to determine when individuals with low vision (LV) use handheld magnifiers at home. Knowing the frequency and duration of magnifier use would be helpful to document increased magnifier use after successful rehabilitation...

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Autores principales:	Ava K. Bittner, Max Estabrook, Niki Dennis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	low vision visual impairment vision rehabilitation magnifier Bluetooth low energy beacon sensors Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7eb838ffff4f4db68dcf76107f92d65e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7eb838ffff4f4db68dcf76107f92d65e2021-11-11T19:05:16ZBluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision10.3390/s212170651424-8220https://doaj.org/article/7eb838ffff4f4db68dcf76107f92d65e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7065https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220We explored the feasibility of using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon sensors to determine when individuals with low vision (LV) use handheld magnifiers at home. Knowing the frequency and duration of magnifier use would be helpful to document increased magnifier use after successful rehabilitation training, or conversely, to know when someone has abandoned a magnifier and requires assistance. Estimote Sticker BLE beacon sensors were attached to the handles of optical handheld magnifiers and dispensed to eight LV subjects to use at home. Temperature and motion data from the BLE beacon sensors were collected every second by a custom mobile application on a nearby smartphone and transmitted to a secure database server. Subjects noted the date and start/end times of their magnifier use in a diary log. Each of the 99 diary-logged self-reports of magnifier use across subjects was associated with BLE beacon sensor recordings of motion (mean 407 instances; SD 365) and increased temperature (mean 0.20 °C per minute; SD 0.16 °C) (mean total magnitude 5.4 °C; SD 2.6 °C). Diary-logged duration of magnifier use (mean 42 min; SD 24) was significantly correlated with instances of motion (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and rate of temperature increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001) recorded by the BLE beacon sensors. The BLE beacon sensors reliably detected meaningfully increased temperature, coupled with numerous instances of motion, when magnifiers were used for typical reading tasks at home by people with LV.Ava K. BittnerMax EstabrookNiki DennisMDPI AGarticlelow visionvisual impairmentvision rehabilitationmagnifierBluetooth low energy beacon sensorsChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7065, p 7065 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	low vision visual impairment vision rehabilitation magnifier Bluetooth low energy beacon sensors Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	low vision visual impairment vision rehabilitation magnifier Bluetooth low energy beacon sensors Chemical technology TP1-1185 Ava K. Bittner Max Estabrook Niki Dennis Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
description	We explored the feasibility of using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon sensors to determine when individuals with low vision (LV) use handheld magnifiers at home. Knowing the frequency and duration of magnifier use would be helpful to document increased magnifier use after successful rehabilitation training, or conversely, to know when someone has abandoned a magnifier and requires assistance. Estimote Sticker BLE beacon sensors were attached to the handles of optical handheld magnifiers and dispensed to eight LV subjects to use at home. Temperature and motion data from the BLE beacon sensors were collected every second by a custom mobile application on a nearby smartphone and transmitted to a secure database server. Subjects noted the date and start/end times of their magnifier use in a diary log. Each of the 99 diary-logged self-reports of magnifier use across subjects was associated with BLE beacon sensor recordings of motion (mean 407 instances; SD 365) and increased temperature (mean 0.20 °C per minute; SD 0.16 °C) (mean total magnitude 5.4 °C; SD 2.6 °C). Diary-logged duration of magnifier use (mean 42 min; SD 24) was significantly correlated with instances of motion (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and rate of temperature increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001) recorded by the BLE beacon sensors. The BLE beacon sensors reliably detected meaningfully increased temperature, coupled with numerous instances of motion, when magnifiers were used for typical reading tasks at home by people with LV.
format	article
author	Ava K. Bittner Max Estabrook Niki Dennis
author_facet	Ava K. Bittner Max Estabrook Niki Dennis
author_sort	Ava K. Bittner
title	Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
title_short	Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
title_full	Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
title_fullStr	Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
title_full_unstemmed	Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision
title_sort	bluetooth low energy beacon sensors to document handheld magnifier use at home by people with low vision
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7eb838ffff4f4db68dcf76107f92d65e
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Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision

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