Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane

Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology to extract sustainable salinity gradient energy. However, the RED technology has not reached its full potential due to membrane efficiency and fouling and the complex interplay between ionic flows and fluidic configurations. We investigate rene...

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Autores principales: Sourayon Chanda, Peichun Amy Tsai
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
renewable energy
reverse electrodialysis
ion-exchange membrane
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Chemical engineering
TP155-156
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7ec07d13bf7844f285e942292954b4442021-11-25T18:19:39ZRenewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane10.3390/membranes111108302077-0375https://doaj.org/article/7ec07d13bf7844f285e942292954b4442021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/830https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology to extract sustainable salinity gradient energy. However, the RED technology has not reached its full potential due to membrane efficiency and fouling and the complex interplay between ionic flows and fluidic configurations. We investigate renewable power generation by harnessing salinity gradient energy during reverse electrodialysis using a lab-scaled fluidic cell, consisting of two reservoirs separated by a nanoporous ion exchange membrane, under various flow rates (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and salt-concentration difference (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The current-voltage (<i>I</i>-<i>V</i>) characteristics of the single RED unit reveals a linear dependence, similar to an electrochemical cell. The experimental results show that the change of inflow velocity has an insignificant impact on the <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> data for a wide range of flow rates explored (0.01–1 mL/min), corresponding to a low-Peclet number regime. Both the maximum RED power density (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and open-circuit voltage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) increase with increasing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. On the one hand, the RED cell’s internal resistance (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) empirically reveals a power-law dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>∝</mo><mo>Δ</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. On the other hand, the open-circuit voltage shows a logarithmic relationship of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>B</mi><mo form="prefix">ln</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. These experimental results are consistent with those by a nonlinear numerical simulation considering a single charged nanochannel, suggesting that parallelization of charged nano-capillaries might be a good upscaling model for a nanoporous membrane for RED applications.Sourayon ChandaPeichun Amy TsaiMDPI AGarticlerenewable energyreverse electrodialysision-exchange membraneChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 830, p 830 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic renewable energy
reverse electrodialysis
ion-exchange membrane
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Chemical engineering
TP155-156
spellingShingle renewable energy
reverse electrodialysis
ion-exchange membrane
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Chemical engineering
TP155-156
Sourayon Chanda
Peichun Amy Tsai
Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
description Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology to extract sustainable salinity gradient energy. However, the RED technology has not reached its full potential due to membrane efficiency and fouling and the complex interplay between ionic flows and fluidic configurations. We investigate renewable power generation by harnessing salinity gradient energy during reverse electrodialysis using a lab-scaled fluidic cell, consisting of two reservoirs separated by a nanoporous ion exchange membrane, under various flow rates (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and salt-concentration difference (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The current-voltage (<i>I</i>-<i>V</i>) characteristics of the single RED unit reveals a linear dependence, similar to an electrochemical cell. The experimental results show that the change of inflow velocity has an insignificant impact on the <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> data for a wide range of flow rates explored (0.01–1 mL/min), corresponding to a low-Peclet number regime. Both the maximum RED power density (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and open-circuit voltage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) increase with increasing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. On the one hand, the RED cell’s internal resistance (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) empirically reveals a power-law dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>∝</mo><mo>Δ</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. On the other hand, the open-circuit voltage shows a logarithmic relationship of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>B</mi><mo form="prefix">ln</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. These experimental results are consistent with those by a nonlinear numerical simulation considering a single charged nanochannel, suggesting that parallelization of charged nano-capillaries might be a good upscaling model for a nanoporous membrane for RED applications.
format article
author Sourayon Chanda
Peichun Amy Tsai
author_facet Sourayon Chanda
Peichun Amy Tsai
author_sort Sourayon Chanda
title Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
title_short Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
title_full Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
title_fullStr Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
title_full_unstemmed Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane
title_sort renewable power generation by reverse electrodialysis using an ion exchange membrane
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/7ec07d13bf7844f285e942292954b444
work_keys_str_mv AT sourayonchanda renewablepowergenerationbyreverseelectrodialysisusinganionexchangemembrane
AT peichunamytsai renewablepowergenerationbyreverseelectrodialysisusinganionexchangemembrane
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