Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment

Mark R Smith, Charmane I EastmanBiological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USAAbstract: There are three mechanisms that may contribute to the health, performance, and safety problems associated with night-shift work: (1) circadian misalignment between the in...

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Autores principales:	Smith MR, Eastman CI
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7ed80176eea84f65bc6918d1a4655f1f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7ed80176eea84f65bc6918d1a4655f1f2021-12-02T09:11:40ZShift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/7ed80176eea84f65bc6918d1a4655f1f2012-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/shift-work-health-performance-and-safety-problems-traditional-counterm-a11123https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Mark R Smith, Charmane I EastmanBiological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USAAbstract: There are three mechanisms that may contribute to the health, performance, and safety problems associated with night-shift work: (1) circadian misalignment between the internal circadian clock and activities such as work, sleep, and eating, (2) chronic, partial sleep deprivation, and (3) melatonin suppression by light at night. The typical countermeasures, such as caffeine, naps, and melatonin (for its sleep-promoting effect), along with education about sleep and circadian rhythms, are the components of most fatigue risk-management plans. We contend that these, while better than nothing, are not enough because they do not address the underlying cause of the problems, which is circadian misalignment. We explain how to reset (phase-shift) the circadian clock to partially align with the night-work, day-sleep schedule, and thus reduce circadian misalignment while preserving sleep and functioning on days off. This involves controlling light and dark using outdoor light exposure, sunglasses, sleep in the dark, and a little bright light during night work. We present a diagram of a sleep-and-light schedule to reduce circadian misalignment in permanent night work, or a rotation between evenings and nights, and give practical advice on how to implement this type of plan.Keywords: circadian rhythms, night work, bright light, phase-shifting, sleep, melatoninSmith MREastman CIDove Medical PressarticlePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 111-132 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Smith MR Eastman CI Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
description	Mark R Smith, Charmane I EastmanBiological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USAAbstract: There are three mechanisms that may contribute to the health, performance, and safety problems associated with night-shift work: (1) circadian misalignment between the internal circadian clock and activities such as work, sleep, and eating, (2) chronic, partial sleep deprivation, and (3) melatonin suppression by light at night. The typical countermeasures, such as caffeine, naps, and melatonin (for its sleep-promoting effect), along with education about sleep and circadian rhythms, are the components of most fatigue risk-management plans. We contend that these, while better than nothing, are not enough because they do not address the underlying cause of the problems, which is circadian misalignment. We explain how to reset (phase-shift) the circadian clock to partially align with the night-work, day-sleep schedule, and thus reduce circadian misalignment while preserving sleep and functioning on days off. This involves controlling light and dark using outdoor light exposure, sunglasses, sleep in the dark, and a little bright light during night work. We present a diagram of a sleep-and-light schedule to reduce circadian misalignment in permanent night work, or a rotation between evenings and nights, and give practical advice on how to implement this type of plan.Keywords: circadian rhythms, night work, bright light, phase-shifting, sleep, melatonin
format	article
author	Smith MR Eastman CI
author_facet	Smith MR Eastman CI
author_sort	Smith MR
title	Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
title_short	Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
title_full	Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
title_fullStr	Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
title_full_unstemmed	Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
title_sort	shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/7ed80176eea84f65bc6918d1a4655f1f
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_version_	1718398192572170240

Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment

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