Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009.
<h4>Background</h4>Clinical surveillance may have underestimated the real extent of the spread of the new strain of influenza A/H1N1, which surfaced in April 2009 originating the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. Here we report a serological investigation on an influenza A/...
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2011
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oai:doaj.org-article:7ee260de2e3d4619a71015e54d5625ff2021-11-18T07:00:12ZRetrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0015933https://doaj.org/article/7ee260de2e3d4619a71015e54d5625ff2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21283749/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Clinical surveillance may have underestimated the real extent of the spread of the new strain of influenza A/H1N1, which surfaced in April 2009 originating the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. Here we report a serological investigation on an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship while cruising in the Mediterranean Sea (May 24-September 6, 2009).<h4>Methods</h4>The contemporary presence of HAI and CF antibodies was used to retrospectively estimate the extent of influenza A/H1N1pdm spread across the crew members (median age: 29 years).<h4>Findings</h4>During the cruise, 2 crew members fulfilled the surveillance case definition for influenza, but only one was laboratory confirmed by influenza A/H1N1pdm-specific RT-PCR; 52 reported acute respiratory illness (ARI) episodes, and 183 reported no ARI episodes. Overall, among the 211 crew member for whom a valid serological result was available, 39.3% tested seropositive for influenza A/H1N1pdm. The proportion of seropositives was significantly associated with more crowded living quarters and tended to be higher in those aged <40 and in those reporting ARI or suspected/confirmed influenza A/H1N1pdm compared to the asymptomatic individuals. No association was found with previous seasonal influenza vaccination.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings underline the risk for rapid spread of novel strains of influenza A in confined environment, such as military ships, where crowding, rigorous working environment, physiologic stress occur. The high proportion of asymptomatic infections in this ship-borne outbreak supports the concept that serological surveillance in such semi-closed communities is essential to appreciate the real extent of influenza A/H1N1pdm spread and can constitute, since the early stage of a pandemic, an useful model to predict the public health impact of pandemic influenza and to establish proportionate and effective countermeasures.Mario TarabboDaniele LapaConcetta CastillettiPietro TommaselliRiccardo GuarducciGiuditta LucàAlessandro EmanueleOnofrio ZaccariaVincenzo F P La GioiaEnrico GirardiMaria R CapobianchiGiuseppe IppolitoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 1, p e15933 (2011) |
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Medicine R Science Q Mario Tarabbo Daniele Lapa Concetta Castilletti Pietro Tommaselli Riccardo Guarducci Giuditta Lucà Alessandro Emanuele Onofrio Zaccaria Vincenzo F P La Gioia Enrico Girardi Maria R Capobianchi Giuseppe Ippolito Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Clinical surveillance may have underestimated the real extent of the spread of the new strain of influenza A/H1N1, which surfaced in April 2009 originating the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. Here we report a serological investigation on an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship while cruising in the Mediterranean Sea (May 24-September 6, 2009).<h4>Methods</h4>The contemporary presence of HAI and CF antibodies was used to retrospectively estimate the extent of influenza A/H1N1pdm spread across the crew members (median age: 29 years).<h4>Findings</h4>During the cruise, 2 crew members fulfilled the surveillance case definition for influenza, but only one was laboratory confirmed by influenza A/H1N1pdm-specific RT-PCR; 52 reported acute respiratory illness (ARI) episodes, and 183 reported no ARI episodes. Overall, among the 211 crew member for whom a valid serological result was available, 39.3% tested seropositive for influenza A/H1N1pdm. The proportion of seropositives was significantly associated with more crowded living quarters and tended to be higher in those aged <40 and in those reporting ARI or suspected/confirmed influenza A/H1N1pdm compared to the asymptomatic individuals. No association was found with previous seasonal influenza vaccination.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings underline the risk for rapid spread of novel strains of influenza A in confined environment, such as military ships, where crowding, rigorous working environment, physiologic stress occur. The high proportion of asymptomatic infections in this ship-borne outbreak supports the concept that serological surveillance in such semi-closed communities is essential to appreciate the real extent of influenza A/H1N1pdm spread and can constitute, since the early stage of a pandemic, an useful model to predict the public health impact of pandemic influenza and to establish proportionate and effective countermeasures. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Mario Tarabbo Daniele Lapa Concetta Castilletti Pietro Tommaselli Riccardo Guarducci Giuditta Lucà Alessandro Emanuele Onofrio Zaccaria Vincenzo F P La Gioia Enrico Girardi Maria R Capobianchi Giuseppe Ippolito |
| author_facet |
Mario Tarabbo Daniele Lapa Concetta Castilletti Pietro Tommaselli Riccardo Guarducci Giuditta Lucà Alessandro Emanuele Onofrio Zaccaria Vincenzo F P La Gioia Enrico Girardi Maria R Capobianchi Giuseppe Ippolito |
| author_sort |
Mario Tarabbo |
| title |
Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| title_short |
Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| title_full |
Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| title_fullStr |
Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Retrospective investigation of an influenza A/H1N1pdm outbreak in an Italian military ship cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, May-September 2009. |
| title_sort |
retrospective investigation of an influenza a/h1n1pdm outbreak in an italian military ship cruising in the mediterranean sea, may-september 2009. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/7ee260de2e3d4619a71015e54d5625ff |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
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