Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production

In pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is va...

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Autores principales:	Virpi Sali, Suvi Nykäsenoja, Annamari Heikinheimo, Outi Hälli, Taneli Tirkkonen, Mari Heinonen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance pig herd indicator organism integrated pork production Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7f345d3b183d4a76b35fea0cfa955e07
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7f345d3b183d4a76b35fea0cfa955e072021-11-04T08:31:17ZAntimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.754894https://doaj.org/article/7f345d3b183d4a76b35fea0cfa955e072021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.754894/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XIn pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is valuable. We described AMU and screened the carriage of different AMR phenotypes of indicator Escherichia coli in 25 selected Finnish piglet-producing and finishing herds that formed nine birth-to-slaughter production lines. Moreover, we studied associations between AMU and AMR in both herd types and throughout the production line. Treatment records were obtained from the national Sikava register for 1year, and AMU was quantified as mg/PCU (population correction unit) and TIs (treatment incidences). For phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ten pen-level pooled feces samples (n=250) in each herd were collected from one room representing the oldest weaned piglets or the oldest finishing pigs. Majority of the medications (96.8%) was administered parenterally, and penicillin was the predominant antimicrobial in every herd. More different antimicrobial substances were used in piglet-producing than in finishing herds (median 5 and 1, respectively, p<0.001). As mg/PCU, sows had the highest AMU and suckling piglets had the highest TIs, whereas finishing pigs were the least treated age group. The proportion of susceptible indicator E. coli isolates of all studied isolates was 59.6%. Resistance was found most commonly against tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin, and multi-resistant (MR) isolates (46.5% of all resistant isolates) were resistant to a maximum of four different antimicrobials. Quinolone resistance was rare, and no resistance against 3rd-generation cephalosporins, meropenem, azithromycin, colistin, gentamicin, or tigecycline was detected. The main associations between AMU and AMR were found at antimicrobial group level when use was compared with the presence of AMR phenotypes. The proportion of resistant isolates was not associated with AMU, and herd size was not associated with either AMU or AMR. We suggest that the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams as a primary treatment option and lack of wide application of oral group medications potentially favors a good resistance pattern in integrated pork production.Virpi SaliSuvi NykäsenojaAnnamari HeikinheimoAnnamari HeikinheimoOuti HälliTaneli TirkkonenMari HeinonenFrontiers Media S.A.articleantimicrobial useantimicrobial resistancepig herdindicator organismintegrated pork productionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance pig herd indicator organism integrated pork production Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance pig herd indicator organism integrated pork production Microbiology QR1-502 Virpi Sali Suvi Nykäsenoja Annamari Heikinheimo Annamari Heikinheimo Outi Hälli Taneli Tirkkonen Mari Heinonen Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
description	In pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is valuable. We described AMU and screened the carriage of different AMR phenotypes of indicator Escherichia coli in 25 selected Finnish piglet-producing and finishing herds that formed nine birth-to-slaughter production lines. Moreover, we studied associations between AMU and AMR in both herd types and throughout the production line. Treatment records were obtained from the national Sikava register for 1year, and AMU was quantified as mg/PCU (population correction unit) and TIs (treatment incidences). For phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ten pen-level pooled feces samples (n=250) in each herd were collected from one room representing the oldest weaned piglets or the oldest finishing pigs. Majority of the medications (96.8%) was administered parenterally, and penicillin was the predominant antimicrobial in every herd. More different antimicrobial substances were used in piglet-producing than in finishing herds (median 5 and 1, respectively, p<0.001). As mg/PCU, sows had the highest AMU and suckling piglets had the highest TIs, whereas finishing pigs were the least treated age group. The proportion of susceptible indicator E. coli isolates of all studied isolates was 59.6%. Resistance was found most commonly against tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin, and multi-resistant (MR) isolates (46.5% of all resistant isolates) were resistant to a maximum of four different antimicrobials. Quinolone resistance was rare, and no resistance against 3rd-generation cephalosporins, meropenem, azithromycin, colistin, gentamicin, or tigecycline was detected. The main associations between AMU and AMR were found at antimicrobial group level when use was compared with the presence of AMR phenotypes. The proportion of resistant isolates was not associated with AMU, and herd size was not associated with either AMU or AMR. We suggest that the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams as a primary treatment option and lack of wide application of oral group medications potentially favors a good resistance pattern in integrated pork production.
format	article
author	Virpi Sali Suvi Nykäsenoja Annamari Heikinheimo Annamari Heikinheimo Outi Hälli Taneli Tirkkonen Mari Heinonen
author_facet	Virpi Sali Suvi Nykäsenoja Annamari Heikinheimo Annamari Heikinheimo Outi Hälli Taneli Tirkkonen Mari Heinonen
author_sort	Virpi Sali
title	Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_short	Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_full	Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_fullStr	Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_full_unstemmed	Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_sort	antimicrobial use and susceptibility of indicator escherichia coli in finnish integrated pork production
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7f345d3b183d4a76b35fea0cfa955e07
work_keys_str_mv	AT virpisali antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT suvinykasenoja antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT annamariheikinheimo antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT annamariheikinheimo antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT outihalli antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT tanelitirkkonen antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction AT mariheinonen antimicrobialuseandsusceptibilityofindicatorescherichiacoliinfinnishintegratedporkproduction
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Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production

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