Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly

Adriana Lima Vallochi1, Anna Carla Goldberg2, Angela Falcai3, Rajendranath Ramasawmy4, Jorge Kalil4, Cl&aacute;udio Silveira5, Rubens Belfort Jr5, Luiz Vicente Rizzo31Oswaldo Cruz Institution (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2NUCEL &ndash; Cellula...

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Autores principales:	Adriana Lima Vallochi, Anna Carla Goldberg, Angela Falcai, Rajendranath Ramasawmy, Jorge Kalil, et al
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7f470a040dae45428a40e20eeef9fe81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7f470a040dae45428a40e20eeef9fe812021-12-02T11:22:09ZMolecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly1177-54671177-5483https://doaj.org/article/7f470a040dae45428a40e20eeef9fe812008-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/molecular-markers-of-susceptibility-to-ocular-toxoplasmosis-host-and-g-a2245https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5467https://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Adriana Lima Vallochi1, Anna Carla Goldberg2, Angela Falcai3, Rajendranath Ramasawmy4, Jorge Kalil4, Cl&aacute;udio Silveira5, Rubens Belfort Jr5, Luiz Vicente Rizzo31Oswaldo Cruz Institution (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2NUCEL &ndash; Cellular and Molecular Therapy Center, University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 3Department of Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 4Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of S&atilde;o Paulo Medical School, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 5Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, BrazilAbstract: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii results in retinochoroiditis in 6% to 20% of immunocompetent individuals. The outcome of infection is the result of a set of interactions involving host genetic background, environmental, and social factors, and the genetic background of the parasite, all of which can be further modified by additional infections or even reinfection. Genes that encode several components of the immune system exhibit polymorphisms in their regulatory and coding regions that affect level and type of expression in response to stimuli, directing the immune response into different pathways. These variant alleles have been associated with susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases and with severity of pathology. We have investigated polymorphisms in several of these genes, identified as candidates for progression to retinochoroiditis caused by toxoplasmosis, namely chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), and TLR4. Furthermore, because interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been shown to be fundamental both in mice and in man to control a protective response against T. gondii, molecules that have a key function in IL-12 production will be emphasized in this review, in addition to discussing the importance of the genetic background of the parasite in the establishment of ocular disease.Keywords: ocular toxoplasmosis, IL-12, TLR, CCR5, immunity Adriana Lima VallochiAnna Carla GoldbergAngela FalcaiRajendranath RamasawmyJorge Kalilet alDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2008, Iss Issue 4, Pp 837-848 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Adriana Lima Vallochi Anna Carla Goldberg Angela Falcai Rajendranath Ramasawmy Jorge Kalil et al Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
description	Adriana Lima Vallochi1, Anna Carla Goldberg2, Angela Falcai3, Rajendranath Ramasawmy4, Jorge Kalil4, Cl&aacute;udio Silveira5, Rubens Belfort Jr5, Luiz Vicente Rizzo31Oswaldo Cruz Institution (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2NUCEL &ndash; Cellular and Molecular Therapy Center, University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 3Department of Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 4Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of S&atilde;o Paulo Medical School, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, Brazil; 5Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, SP, BrazilAbstract: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii results in retinochoroiditis in 6% to 20% of immunocompetent individuals. The outcome of infection is the result of a set of interactions involving host genetic background, environmental, and social factors, and the genetic background of the parasite, all of which can be further modified by additional infections or even reinfection. Genes that encode several components of the immune system exhibit polymorphisms in their regulatory and coding regions that affect level and type of expression in response to stimuli, directing the immune response into different pathways. These variant alleles have been associated with susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases and with severity of pathology. We have investigated polymorphisms in several of these genes, identified as candidates for progression to retinochoroiditis caused by toxoplasmosis, namely chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), and TLR4. Furthermore, because interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been shown to be fundamental both in mice and in man to control a protective response against T. gondii, molecules that have a key function in IL-12 production will be emphasized in this review, in addition to discussing the importance of the genetic background of the parasite in the establishment of ocular disease.Keywords: ocular toxoplasmosis, IL-12, TLR, CCR5, immunity
format	article
author	Adriana Lima Vallochi Anna Carla Goldberg Angela Falcai Rajendranath Ramasawmy Jorge Kalil et al
author_facet	Adriana Lima Vallochi Anna Carla Goldberg Angela Falcai Rajendranath Ramasawmy Jorge Kalil et al
author_sort	Adriana Lima Vallochi
title	Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
title_short	Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
title_full	Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
title_fullStr	Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
title_sort	molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/7f470a040dae45428a40e20eeef9fe81
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Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly

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