Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living

Abstract Life in extreme environments is typically studied as a physiological problem, although the existence of extremophilic animals suggests that developmental and behavioral traits might also be adaptive in such environments. Here, we describe a new species of nematode, Tokorhabditis tufae, n. g...

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Autores principales:	Natsumi Kanzaki, Tatsuya Yamashita, James Siho Lee, Pei-Yin Shih, Erik J. Ragsdale, Ryoji Shinya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7f696610c7a54415a9dcce3977f2abae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7f696610c7a54415a9dcce3977f2abae2021-12-02T16:43:42ZTokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living10.1038/s41598-021-95863-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7f696610c7a54415a9dcce3977f2abae2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95863-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Life in extreme environments is typically studied as a physiological problem, although the existence of extremophilic animals suggests that developmental and behavioral traits might also be adaptive in such environments. Here, we describe a new species of nematode, Tokorhabditis tufae, n. gen., n. sp., which was discovered from the alkaline, hypersaline, and arsenic-rich locale of Mono Lake, California. The new species, which offers a tractable model for studying animal-specific adaptations to extremophilic life, shows a combination of unusual reproductive and developmental traits. Like the recently described sister group Auanema, the species has a trioecious mating system comprising males, females, and self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. Our description of the new genus thus reveals that the origin of this uncommon reproductive mode is even more ancient than previously assumed, and it presents a new comparator for the study of mating-system transitions. However, unlike Auanema and almost all other known rhabditid nematodes, the new species is obligately live-bearing, with embryos that grow in utero, suggesting maternal provisioning during development. Finally, our isolation of two additional, molecularly distinct strains of the new genus—specifically from non-extreme locales—establishes a comparative system for the study of extremophilic traits in this model.Natsumi KanzakiTatsuya YamashitaJames Siho LeePei-Yin ShihErik J. RagsdaleRyoji ShinyaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Natsumi Kanzaki Tatsuya Yamashita James Siho Lee Pei-Yin Shih Erik J. Ragsdale Ryoji Shinya Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
description	Abstract Life in extreme environments is typically studied as a physiological problem, although the existence of extremophilic animals suggests that developmental and behavioral traits might also be adaptive in such environments. Here, we describe a new species of nematode, Tokorhabditis tufae, n. gen., n. sp., which was discovered from the alkaline, hypersaline, and arsenic-rich locale of Mono Lake, California. The new species, which offers a tractable model for studying animal-specific adaptations to extremophilic life, shows a combination of unusual reproductive and developmental traits. Like the recently described sister group Auanema, the species has a trioecious mating system comprising males, females, and self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. Our description of the new genus thus reveals that the origin of this uncommon reproductive mode is even more ancient than previously assumed, and it presents a new comparator for the study of mating-system transitions. However, unlike Auanema and almost all other known rhabditid nematodes, the new species is obligately live-bearing, with embryos that grow in utero, suggesting maternal provisioning during development. Finally, our isolation of two additional, molecularly distinct strains of the new genus—specifically from non-extreme locales—establishes a comparative system for the study of extremophilic traits in this model.
format	article
author	Natsumi Kanzaki Tatsuya Yamashita James Siho Lee Pei-Yin Shih Erik J. Ragsdale Ryoji Shinya
author_facet	Natsumi Kanzaki Tatsuya Yamashita James Siho Lee Pei-Yin Shih Erik J. Ragsdale Ryoji Shinya
author_sort	Natsumi Kanzaki
title	Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
title_short	Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
title_full	Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
title_fullStr	Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
title_full_unstemmed	Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
title_sort	tokorhabditis n. gen. (rhabditida, rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7f696610c7a54415a9dcce3977f2abae
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Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living

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