Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.

It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in a selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not in more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis tha...

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Autores principales:	Henkjan Honing, Hugo Merchant, Gábor P Háden, Luis Prado, Ramón Bartolo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7f75a265b973450aa0da8abc7cf55c31
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7f75a265b973450aa0da8abc7cf55c312021-11-18T08:05:22ZRhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0051369https://doaj.org/article/7f75a265b973450aa0da8abc7cf55c312012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23251509/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in a selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not in more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis that suggests rhythmic entrainment to be a by-product of the vocal learning mechanisms that are shared by several bird and mammal species, including humans, but that are only weakly developed, or missing entirely, in nonhuman primates. To test this hypothesis we measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), probing a well-documented component in humans, the mismatch negativity (MMN) to study rhythmic expectation. We demonstrate for the first time in rhesus monkeys that, in response to infrequent deviants in pitch that were presented in a continuous sound stream using an oddball paradigm, a comparable ERP component can be detected with negative deflections in early latencies (Experiment 1). Subsequently we tested whether rhesus monkeys can detect gaps (omissions at random positions in the sound stream; Experiment 2) and, using more complex stimuli, also the beat (omissions at the first position of a musical unit, i.e. the 'downbeat'; Experiment 3). In contrast to what has been shown in human adults and newborns (using identical stimuli and experimental paradigm), the results suggest that rhesus monkeys are not able to detect the beat in music. These findings are in support of the hypothesis that beat induction (the cognitive mechanism that supports the perception of a regular pulse from a varying rhythm) is species-specific and absent in nonhuman primates. In addition, the findings support the auditory timing dissociation hypothesis, with rhesus monkeys being sensitive to rhythmic grouping (detecting the start of a rhythmic group), but not to the induced beat (detecting a regularity from a varying rhythm).Henkjan HoningHugo MerchantGábor P HádenLuis PradoRamón BartoloPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e51369 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Henkjan Honing Hugo Merchant Gábor P Háden Luis Prado Ramón Bartolo Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
description	It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in a selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not in more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis that suggests rhythmic entrainment to be a by-product of the vocal learning mechanisms that are shared by several bird and mammal species, including humans, but that are only weakly developed, or missing entirely, in nonhuman primates. To test this hypothesis we measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), probing a well-documented component in humans, the mismatch negativity (MMN) to study rhythmic expectation. We demonstrate for the first time in rhesus monkeys that, in response to infrequent deviants in pitch that were presented in a continuous sound stream using an oddball paradigm, a comparable ERP component can be detected with negative deflections in early latencies (Experiment 1). Subsequently we tested whether rhesus monkeys can detect gaps (omissions at random positions in the sound stream; Experiment 2) and, using more complex stimuli, also the beat (omissions at the first position of a musical unit, i.e. the 'downbeat'; Experiment 3). In contrast to what has been shown in human adults and newborns (using identical stimuli and experimental paradigm), the results suggest that rhesus monkeys are not able to detect the beat in music. These findings are in support of the hypothesis that beat induction (the cognitive mechanism that supports the perception of a regular pulse from a varying rhythm) is species-specific and absent in nonhuman primates. In addition, the findings support the auditory timing dissociation hypothesis, with rhesus monkeys being sensitive to rhythmic grouping (detecting the start of a rhythmic group), but not to the induced beat (detecting a regularity from a varying rhythm).
format	article
author	Henkjan Honing Hugo Merchant Gábor P Háden Luis Prado Ramón Bartolo
author_facet	Henkjan Honing Hugo Merchant Gábor P Háden Luis Prado Ramón Bartolo
author_sort	Henkjan Honing
title	Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
title_short	Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
title_full	Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
title_fullStr	Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
title_full_unstemmed	Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
title_sort	rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/7f75a265b973450aa0da8abc7cf55c31
work_keys_str_mv	AT henkjanhoning rhesusmonkeysmacacamulattadetectrhythmicgroupsinmusicbutnotthebeat AT hugomerchant rhesusmonkeysmacacamulattadetectrhythmicgroupsinmusicbutnotthebeat AT gaborphaden rhesusmonkeysmacacamulattadetectrhythmicgroupsinmusicbutnotthebeat AT luisprado rhesusmonkeysmacacamulattadetectrhythmicgroupsinmusicbutnotthebeat AT ramonbartolo rhesusmonkeysmacacamulattadetectrhythmicgroupsinmusicbutnotthebeat
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Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) detect rhythmic groups in music, but not the beat.

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