Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.

We sequenced maxicircles from T. cruzi strains representative of the species evolutionary diversity by using long-read sequencing, which allowed us to uncollapse their repetitive regions, finding that their real lengths range from 35 to 50 kb. T. cruzi maxicircles have a common architecture composed...

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Autores principales:	Luisa Berná, Gonzalo Greif, Sebastián Pita, Paula Faral-Tello, Florencia Díaz-Viraqué, Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza, Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo, Fernando Alvarez-Valin, Carlos Robello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7f9609b00eb243579f13bebdd90a7548
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7f9609b00eb243579f13bebdd90a75482021-12-02T20:24:15ZMaxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009719https://doaj.org/article/7f9609b00eb243579f13bebdd90a75482021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009719https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735We sequenced maxicircles from T. cruzi strains representative of the species evolutionary diversity by using long-read sequencing, which allowed us to uncollapse their repetitive regions, finding that their real lengths range from 35 to 50 kb. T. cruzi maxicircles have a common architecture composed of four regions: coding region (CR), AT-rich region, short (SR) and long repeats (LR). Distribution of genes, both in order and in strand orientation are conserved, being the main differences the presence of deletions affecting genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunits, reinforcing biochemical findings that indicate that complex I is not functional in T. cruzi. Moreover, the presence of complete minicircles into maxicircles of some strains lead us to think about the origin of minicircles. Finally, a careful phylogenetic analysis was conducted using coding regions of maxicircles from up to 29 strains, and 1108 single copy nuclear genes from all of the DTUs, clearly establishing that taxonomically T. cruzi is a complex of species composed by group 1 that contains clades A (TcI), B (TcIII) and D (TcIV), and group 2 (1 and 2 do not coincide with groups I and II described decades ago) containing clade C (TcII), being all hybrid strains of the BC type. Three variants of maxicircles exist in T. cruzi: a, b and c, in correspondence with clades A, B, and C from mitochondrial phylogenies. While A and C carry maxicircles a and c respectively, both clades B and D carry b maxicircle variant; hybrid strains also carry the b- variant. We then propose a new nomenclature that is self-descriptive and makes use of both the phylogenetic relationships and the maxicircle variants present in T. cruzi.Luisa BernáGonzalo GreifSebastián PitaPaula Faral-TelloFlorencia Díaz-ViraquéRita De Cássia Moreira De SouzaGustavo Adolfo VallejoFernando Alvarez-ValinCarlos RobelloPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009719 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Luisa Berná Gonzalo Greif Sebastián Pita Paula Faral-Tello Florencia Díaz-Viraqué Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo Fernando Alvarez-Valin Carlos Robello Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
description	We sequenced maxicircles from T. cruzi strains representative of the species evolutionary diversity by using long-read sequencing, which allowed us to uncollapse their repetitive regions, finding that their real lengths range from 35 to 50 kb. T. cruzi maxicircles have a common architecture composed of four regions: coding region (CR), AT-rich region, short (SR) and long repeats (LR). Distribution of genes, both in order and in strand orientation are conserved, being the main differences the presence of deletions affecting genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunits, reinforcing biochemical findings that indicate that complex I is not functional in T. cruzi. Moreover, the presence of complete minicircles into maxicircles of some strains lead us to think about the origin of minicircles. Finally, a careful phylogenetic analysis was conducted using coding regions of maxicircles from up to 29 strains, and 1108 single copy nuclear genes from all of the DTUs, clearly establishing that taxonomically T. cruzi is a complex of species composed by group 1 that contains clades A (TcI), B (TcIII) and D (TcIV), and group 2 (1 and 2 do not coincide with groups I and II described decades ago) containing clade C (TcII), being all hybrid strains of the BC type. Three variants of maxicircles exist in T. cruzi: a, b and c, in correspondence with clades A, B, and C from mitochondrial phylogenies. While A and C carry maxicircles a and c respectively, both clades B and D carry b maxicircle variant; hybrid strains also carry the b- variant. We then propose a new nomenclature that is self-descriptive and makes use of both the phylogenetic relationships and the maxicircle variants present in T. cruzi.
format	article
author	Luisa Berná Gonzalo Greif Sebastián Pita Paula Faral-Tello Florencia Díaz-Viraqué Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo Fernando Alvarez-Valin Carlos Robello
author_facet	Luisa Berná Gonzalo Greif Sebastián Pita Paula Faral-Tello Florencia Díaz-Viraqué Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo Fernando Alvarez-Valin Carlos Robello
author_sort	Luisa Berná
title	Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
title_short	Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
title_full	Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
title_fullStr	Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
title_full_unstemmed	Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.
title_sort	maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into trypanosoma cruzi complex.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7f9609b00eb243579f13bebdd90a7548
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Maxicircle architecture and evolutionary insights into Trypanosoma cruzi complex.

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