Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.

To identify parameters of Leishmania infection within a population of infected sand flies that reliably predict subsequent transmission to the mammalian host, we sampled groups of infected flies and compared infection intensity and degree of metacyclogenesis with the frequency of transmission. The p...

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Autores principales:	Lisa W Stamper, Rachel L Patrick, Michael P Fay, Phillip G Lawyer, Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem, Nagila Secundino, Alain Debrabant, David L Sacks, Nathan C Peters
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7fbabf5f4d544136bafb0482eb8e7343
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7fbabf5f4d544136bafb0482eb8e73432021-11-18T09:13:07ZInfection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001288https://doaj.org/article/7fbabf5f4d544136bafb0482eb8e73432011-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21886852/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735To identify parameters of Leishmania infection within a population of infected sand flies that reliably predict subsequent transmission to the mammalian host, we sampled groups of infected flies and compared infection intensity and degree of metacyclogenesis with the frequency of transmission. The percentage of parasites within the midgut that were metacyclic promastigotes had the highest correlation with the frequency of transmission. Meta-analysis of multiple transmission experiments allowed us to establish a percent-metacyclic "cutoff" value that predicted transmission competence. Sand fly infections initiated with variable doses of parasites resulted in correspondingly altered percentages of metacyclic promastigotes, resulting in altered transmission frequency and disease severity. Lastly, alteration of sand fly oviposition status and environmental conditions at the time of transmission also influenced transmission frequency. These observations have implications for transmission of Leishmania by the sand fly vector in both the laboratory and in nature, including how the number of organisms acquired by the sand fly from an infection reservoir may influence the clinical outcome of infection following transmission by bite.Lisa W StamperRachel L PatrickMichael P FayPhillip G LawyerDia-Eldin A ElnaiemNagila SecundinoAlain DebrabantDavid L SacksNathan C PetersPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e1288 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Lisa W Stamper Rachel L Patrick Michael P Fay Phillip G Lawyer Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem Nagila Secundino Alain Debrabant David L Sacks Nathan C Peters Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
description	To identify parameters of Leishmania infection within a population of infected sand flies that reliably predict subsequent transmission to the mammalian host, we sampled groups of infected flies and compared infection intensity and degree of metacyclogenesis with the frequency of transmission. The percentage of parasites within the midgut that were metacyclic promastigotes had the highest correlation with the frequency of transmission. Meta-analysis of multiple transmission experiments allowed us to establish a percent-metacyclic "cutoff" value that predicted transmission competence. Sand fly infections initiated with variable doses of parasites resulted in correspondingly altered percentages of metacyclic promastigotes, resulting in altered transmission frequency and disease severity. Lastly, alteration of sand fly oviposition status and environmental conditions at the time of transmission also influenced transmission frequency. These observations have implications for transmission of Leishmania by the sand fly vector in both the laboratory and in nature, including how the number of organisms acquired by the sand fly from an infection reservoir may influence the clinical outcome of infection following transmission by bite.
format	article
author	Lisa W Stamper Rachel L Patrick Michael P Fay Phillip G Lawyer Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem Nagila Secundino Alain Debrabant David L Sacks Nathan C Peters
author_facet	Lisa W Stamper Rachel L Patrick Michael P Fay Phillip G Lawyer Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem Nagila Secundino Alain Debrabant David L Sacks Nathan C Peters
author_sort	Lisa W Stamper
title	Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
title_short	Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
title_full	Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
title_fullStr	Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
title_full_unstemmed	Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.
title_sort	infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of leishmania major.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/7fbabf5f4d544136bafb0482eb8e7343
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Infection parameters in the sand fly vector that predict transmission of Leishmania major.

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