Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each on...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b42021-11-25T17:05:19ZPd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis10.3390/catal111112732073-4344https://doaj.org/article/7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1273https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each one. The presence of the required functional groups in the catalyst was confirmed using FT-IR. The crystallinity of ultrasonically generated 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed with XRD. The existence of necessary elements in the catalyst was also suggested by XPS and EDX data. BET was used to calculate the surface area of the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst (395 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), and it was found to be greater than that of the non-ultrasonic synthesized catalyst (382 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). The N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherm indicated mesoporous structures. The SEM morphology at a similar magnification exhibited quite different shapes. In comparison to traditional methods, ultrasonic approaches produce higher yields in less time and use less energy. Furthermore, the effect of the preparation method of the 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was extensively studied with respect to the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Excellent product yields, a fast reaction time, and simple work-up methods are some peculiarities associated with the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst. The recycling study was also investigated and found suitable for up to four reaction cycles.Md. Afroz BakhtMshari. AlotaibiAbdulrahman I. AlharthiIsraf Ud DinAbuzer AliAmena AliMohamed Jawed AhsanMDPI AGarticle1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalystultrasonicnon-ultrasonicoctahydroquinazolinoneChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1273, p 1273 (2021) |
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1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst ultrasonic non-ultrasonic octahydroquinazolinone Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst ultrasonic non-ultrasonic octahydroquinazolinone Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Md. Afroz Bakht Mshari. Alotaibi Abdulrahman I. Alharthi Israf Ud Din Abuzer Ali Amena Ali Mohamed Jawed Ahsan Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
description |
A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each one. The presence of the required functional groups in the catalyst was confirmed using FT-IR. The crystallinity of ultrasonically generated 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed with XRD. The existence of necessary elements in the catalyst was also suggested by XPS and EDX data. BET was used to calculate the surface area of the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst (395 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), and it was found to be greater than that of the non-ultrasonic synthesized catalyst (382 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). The N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherm indicated mesoporous structures. The SEM morphology at a similar magnification exhibited quite different shapes. In comparison to traditional methods, ultrasonic approaches produce higher yields in less time and use less energy. Furthermore, the effect of the preparation method of the 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was extensively studied with respect to the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Excellent product yields, a fast reaction time, and simple work-up methods are some peculiarities associated with the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst. The recycling study was also investigated and found suitable for up to four reaction cycles. |
format |
article |
author |
Md. Afroz Bakht Mshari. Alotaibi Abdulrahman I. Alharthi Israf Ud Din Abuzer Ali Amena Ali Mohamed Jawed Ahsan |
author_facet |
Md. Afroz Bakht Mshari. Alotaibi Abdulrahman I. Alharthi Israf Ud Din Abuzer Ali Amena Ali Mohamed Jawed Ahsan |
author_sort |
Md. Afroz Bakht |
title |
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
title_short |
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
title_full |
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
title_fullStr |
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis |
title_sort |
pd-hpw/sio<sub>2</sub> bi-functional catalyst: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and effect on octahydroquinazolinone synthesis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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