Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis

A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each on...

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Autores principales: Md. Afroz Bakht, Mshari. Alotaibi, Abdulrahman I. Alharthi, Israf Ud Din, Abuzer Ali, Amena Ali, Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b4
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b42021-11-25T17:05:19ZPd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis10.3390/catal111112732073-4344https://doaj.org/article/7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1273https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each one. The presence of the required functional groups in the catalyst was confirmed using FT-IR. The crystallinity of ultrasonically generated 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed with XRD. The existence of necessary elements in the catalyst was also suggested by XPS and EDX data. BET was used to calculate the surface area of the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst (395 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), and it was found to be greater than that of the non-ultrasonic synthesized catalyst (382 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). The N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherm indicated mesoporous structures. The SEM morphology at a similar magnification exhibited quite different shapes. In comparison to traditional methods, ultrasonic approaches produce higher yields in less time and use less energy. Furthermore, the effect of the preparation method of the 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was extensively studied with respect to the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Excellent product yields, a fast reaction time, and simple work-up methods are some peculiarities associated with the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst. The recycling study was also investigated and found suitable for up to four reaction cycles.Md. Afroz BakhtMshari. AlotaibiAbdulrahman I. AlharthiIsraf Ud DinAbuzer AliAmena AliMohamed Jawed AhsanMDPI AGarticle1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalystultrasonicnon-ultrasonicoctahydroquinazolinoneChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1273, p 1273 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst
ultrasonic
non-ultrasonic
octahydroquinazolinone
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst
ultrasonic
non-ultrasonic
octahydroquinazolinone
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Chemistry
QD1-999
Md. Afroz Bakht
Mshari. Alotaibi
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi
Israf Ud Din
Abuzer Ali
Amena Ali
Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
description A Palladium-doped silica-supported heteropoly acid (HPW) (1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub>) bi-functional catalyst was produced using ultrasonic and conventional procedures. Both forms of catalyst were characterized with distinct analytical approaches in order to access the advantages of each one. The presence of the required functional groups in the catalyst was confirmed using FT-IR. The crystallinity of ultrasonically generated 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> was confirmed with XRD. The existence of necessary elements in the catalyst was also suggested by XPS and EDX data. BET was used to calculate the surface area of the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst (395 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), and it was found to be greater than that of the non-ultrasonic synthesized catalyst (382 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). The N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherm indicated mesoporous structures. The SEM morphology at a similar magnification exhibited quite different shapes. In comparison to traditional methods, ultrasonic approaches produce higher yields in less time and use less energy. Furthermore, the effect of the preparation method of the 1%Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was extensively studied with respect to the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Excellent product yields, a fast reaction time, and simple work-up methods are some peculiarities associated with the ultrasonically synthesized catalyst. The recycling study was also investigated and found suitable for up to four reaction cycles.
format article
author Md. Afroz Bakht
Mshari. Alotaibi
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi
Israf Ud Din
Abuzer Ali
Amena Ali
Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
author_facet Md. Afroz Bakht
Mshari. Alotaibi
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi
Israf Ud Din
Abuzer Ali
Amena Ali
Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
author_sort Md. Afroz Bakht
title Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
title_short Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
title_full Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
title_fullStr Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
title_full_unstemmed Pd-HPW/SiO<sub>2</sub> Bi-Functional Catalyst: Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Octahydroquinazolinone Synthesis
title_sort pd-hpw/sio<sub>2</sub> bi-functional catalyst: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and effect on octahydroquinazolinone synthesis
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/7fbbde157a78479992b386e0540823b4
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