Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.

In mammals, social and sexual behaviours are largely mediated by the vomeronasal system (VNS). The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first synaptic locus of the VNS and ranges from very large in Caviomorph rodents, small in carnivores and ungulates, to its complete absence in apes, elephants, mo...

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Autores principales:	Rodrigo Suárez, Pedro Fernández-Aburto, Paul R Manger, Jorge Mpodozis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7fce0b15b64643868cb5b306cc125ee7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7fce0b15b64643868cb5b306cc125ee72021-11-18T07:36:06ZDeterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0026436https://doaj.org/article/7fce0b15b64643868cb5b306cc125ee72011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22039487/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In mammals, social and sexual behaviours are largely mediated by the vomeronasal system (VNS). The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first synaptic locus of the VNS and ranges from very large in Caviomorph rodents, small in carnivores and ungulates, to its complete absence in apes, elephants, most bats and aquatic species. Two pathways have been described in the VNS of mammals. In mice, vomeronasal neurons expressing Gαi2 protein project to the rostral portion of the AOB and respond mostly to small volatile molecules, whereas neurons expressing Gαo project to the caudal AOB and respond mostly to large non-volatile molecules. However, the Gαo-expressing pathway is absent in several species (horses, dogs, musk shrews, goats and marmosets) but no hypotheses have been proposed to date to explain the loss of that pathway. We noted that the species that lost the Gαo pathway belong to Laurasiatheria and Primates lineages, both clades with ubiquitous sexual dimorphisms across species. To assess whether similar events of Gαo pathway loss could have occurred convergently in dimorphic species we studied G-protein expression in the AOB of two species that independently evolved sexually dimorphic traits: the California ground squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi (Rodentia; Sciurognathi) and the cape hyrax Procavia capensis (Afrotheria; Hyracoidea). We found that both species show uniform expression of Gαi2-protein throughout AOB glomeruli, while Gαo expression is restricted to main olfactory glomeruli only. Our results suggest that the degeneration of the Gαo-expressing vomeronasal pathway has occurred independently at least four times in Eutheria, possibly related to the emergence of sexual dimorphisms and the ability of detecting the gender of conspecifics at distance.Rodrigo SuárezPedro Fernández-AburtoPaul R MangerJorge MpodozisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e26436 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rodrigo Suárez Pedro Fernández-Aburto Paul R Manger Jorge Mpodozis Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
description	In mammals, social and sexual behaviours are largely mediated by the vomeronasal system (VNS). The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first synaptic locus of the VNS and ranges from very large in Caviomorph rodents, small in carnivores and ungulates, to its complete absence in apes, elephants, most bats and aquatic species. Two pathways have been described in the VNS of mammals. In mice, vomeronasal neurons expressing Gαi2 protein project to the rostral portion of the AOB and respond mostly to small volatile molecules, whereas neurons expressing Gαo project to the caudal AOB and respond mostly to large non-volatile molecules. However, the Gαo-expressing pathway is absent in several species (horses, dogs, musk shrews, goats and marmosets) but no hypotheses have been proposed to date to explain the loss of that pathway. We noted that the species that lost the Gαo pathway belong to Laurasiatheria and Primates lineages, both clades with ubiquitous sexual dimorphisms across species. To assess whether similar events of Gαo pathway loss could have occurred convergently in dimorphic species we studied G-protein expression in the AOB of two species that independently evolved sexually dimorphic traits: the California ground squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi (Rodentia; Sciurognathi) and the cape hyrax Procavia capensis (Afrotheria; Hyracoidea). We found that both species show uniform expression of Gαi2-protein throughout AOB glomeruli, while Gαo expression is restricted to main olfactory glomeruli only. Our results suggest that the degeneration of the Gαo-expressing vomeronasal pathway has occurred independently at least four times in Eutheria, possibly related to the emergence of sexual dimorphisms and the ability of detecting the gender of conspecifics at distance.
format	article
author	Rodrigo Suárez Pedro Fernández-Aburto Paul R Manger Jorge Mpodozis
author_facet	Rodrigo Suárez Pedro Fernández-Aburto Paul R Manger Jorge Mpodozis
author_sort	Rodrigo Suárez
title	Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
title_short	Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
title_full	Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
title_fullStr	Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
title_full_unstemmed	Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
title_sort	deterioration of the gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/7fce0b15b64643868cb5b306cc125ee7
work_keys_str_mv	AT rodrigosuarez deteriorationofthegaovomeronasalpathwayinsexuallydimorphicmammals AT pedrofernandezaburto deteriorationofthegaovomeronasalpathwayinsexuallydimorphicmammals AT paulrmanger deteriorationofthegaovomeronasalpathwayinsexuallydimorphicmammals AT jorgempodozis deteriorationofthegaovomeronasalpathwayinsexuallydimorphicmammals
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Deterioration of the Gαo vomeronasal pathway in sexually dimorphic mammals.

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