Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.

The vast majority of plant viruses are unenveloped, i.e., they lack a lipid bilayer that is characteristic of most animal viruses. The interactions between plant viruses, and between viruses and surfaces, properties that are essential for understanding their infectivity and to their use as bionanoma...

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Autores principales:	A L Duran-Meza, M V Villagrana-Escareño, J Ruiz-García, C M Knobler, W M Gelbart
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7fe07495f0a84261b003955582f21853
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7fe07495f0a84261b003955582f218532021-12-02T20:08:22ZControlling the surface charge of simple viruses.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255820https://doaj.org/article/7fe07495f0a84261b003955582f218532021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255820https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The vast majority of plant viruses are unenveloped, i.e., they lack a lipid bilayer that is characteristic of most animal viruses. The interactions between plant viruses, and between viruses and surfaces, properties that are essential for understanding their infectivity and to their use as bionanomaterials, are largely controlled by their surface charge, which depends on pH and ionic strength. They may also depend on the charge of their contents, i.e., of their genes or-in the instance of virus-like particles-encapsidated cargo such as nucleic acid molecules, nanoparticles or drugs. In the case of enveloped viruses, the surface charge of the capsid is equally important for controlling its interaction with the lipid bilayer that it acquires and loses upon leaving and entering host cells. We have previously investigated the charge on the unenveloped plant virus Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) by measurements of its electrophoretic mobility. Here we examine the electrophoretic properties of a structurally and genetically closely related bromovirus, Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV), of its capsid protein, and of its empty viral shells, as functions of pH and ionic strength, and compare them with those of CCMV. From measurements of both solution and gel electrophoretic mobilities (EMs) we find that the isoelectric point (pI) of BMV (5.2) is significantly higher than that of CCMV (3.7), that virion EMs are essentially the same as those of the corresponding empty capsids, and that the same is true for the pIs of the virions and of their cleaved protein subunits. We discuss these results in terms of current theories of charged colloidal particles and relate them to biological processes and the role of surface charge in the design of new classes of drug and gene delivery systems.A L Duran-MezaM V Villagrana-EscareñoJ Ruiz-GarcíaC M KnoblerW M GelbartPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0255820 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A L Duran-Meza M V Villagrana-Escareño J Ruiz-García C M Knobler W M Gelbart Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
description	The vast majority of plant viruses are unenveloped, i.e., they lack a lipid bilayer that is characteristic of most animal viruses. The interactions between plant viruses, and between viruses and surfaces, properties that are essential for understanding their infectivity and to their use as bionanomaterials, are largely controlled by their surface charge, which depends on pH and ionic strength. They may also depend on the charge of their contents, i.e., of their genes or-in the instance of virus-like particles-encapsidated cargo such as nucleic acid molecules, nanoparticles or drugs. In the case of enveloped viruses, the surface charge of the capsid is equally important for controlling its interaction with the lipid bilayer that it acquires and loses upon leaving and entering host cells. We have previously investigated the charge on the unenveloped plant virus Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) by measurements of its electrophoretic mobility. Here we examine the electrophoretic properties of a structurally and genetically closely related bromovirus, Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV), of its capsid protein, and of its empty viral shells, as functions of pH and ionic strength, and compare them with those of CCMV. From measurements of both solution and gel electrophoretic mobilities (EMs) we find that the isoelectric point (pI) of BMV (5.2) is significantly higher than that of CCMV (3.7), that virion EMs are essentially the same as those of the corresponding empty capsids, and that the same is true for the pIs of the virions and of their cleaved protein subunits. We discuss these results in terms of current theories of charged colloidal particles and relate them to biological processes and the role of surface charge in the design of new classes of drug and gene delivery systems.
format	article
author	A L Duran-Meza M V Villagrana-Escareño J Ruiz-García C M Knobler W M Gelbart
author_facet	A L Duran-Meza M V Villagrana-Escareño J Ruiz-García C M Knobler W M Gelbart
author_sort	A L Duran-Meza
title	Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
title_short	Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
title_full	Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
title_fullStr	Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
title_full_unstemmed	Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
title_sort	controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7fe07495f0a84261b003955582f21853
work_keys_str_mv	AT alduranmeza controllingthesurfacechargeofsimpleviruses AT mvvillagranaescareno controllingthesurfacechargeofsimpleviruses AT jruizgarcia controllingthesurfacechargeofsimpleviruses AT cmknobler controllingthesurfacechargeofsimpleviruses AT wmgelbart controllingthesurfacechargeofsimpleviruses
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Controlling the surface charge of simple viruses.

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