Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline

The emergence of extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella in livestock animals especially in poultry represents a serious public health and therapeutic challenge. Despite the wealth of information available on Salmonella resistance to various antimicrobials, there have been limited data on the gene...

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Autores principales:	Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz, Yasmine H. Tartor, Rasha M. A. Gharieb, Ahmed M. Erfan, Eman Khalifa, Mahmoud A. Said, Ahmed M. Ammar, Mohamed Samir
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	XDR Salmonella enterica AcrAB efflux pump ciprofloxacin tigecycline Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80176d75cf814e10840e4752a6a5b715
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80176d75cf814e10840e4752a6a5b7152021-12-01T02:14:41ZExtensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.738784https://doaj.org/article/80176d75cf814e10840e4752a6a5b7152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738784/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XThe emergence of extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella in livestock animals especially in poultry represents a serious public health and therapeutic challenge. Despite the wealth of information available on Salmonella resistance to various antimicrobials, there have been limited data on the genetic determinants of XDR Salmonella exhibiting co-resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tigecycline (TIG). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and serotype diversity of XDR Salmonella in poultry flocks and contact workers and to elucidate the genetic determinants involved in the co-resistance to CIP and TIG. Herein, 115 Salmonella enterica isolates of 35 serotypes were identified from sampled poultry (100/1210, 8.26%) and humans (15/375, 4.00%), with the most frequent serotype being Salmonella Typhimurium (26.96%). Twenty-nine (25.22%) Salmonella enterica isolates exhibited XDR patterns; 25 out of them (86.21%) showed CIP/TIG co-resistance. Exposure of CIP- and TIG-resistant isolates to the carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) efflux pump inhibitor resulted in an obvious reduction in their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values and restored the susceptibility to CIP and TIG in 17.24% (5/29) and 92% (23/25) of the isolates, respectively. Molecular analysis revealed that 89.66% of the isolates contained two to six plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes with the predominance of qepA gene (89.66%). Mutations in the gyrA gene were detected at codon S83 (34.62%) or D87 (30.77%) or both (34.62%) in 89.66% of XDR Salmonella. The tet(A) and tet(X4) genes were detected in 100% and 3.45% of the XDR isolates, respectively. Twelve TIG-resistant XDR Salmonella had point mutations at codons 120, 121, and 181 in the tet(A) interdomain loop region. All CIP and TIG co-resistant XDR Salmonella overexpressed ramA gene; 17 (68%) out of them harbored 4-bp deletion in the ramR binding region (T-288/A-285). However, four CIP/TIG co-resistant isolates overexpressed the oqxB gene. In conclusion, the emergence of XDR S. enterica exhibiting CIP/TIG co-resistance in poultry and humans with no previous exposure to TIG warrants an urgent need to reduce the unnecessary antimicrobial use in poultry farms in Egypt.Norhan K. Abd El-AzizYasmine H. TartorRasha M. A. GhariebAhmed M. ErfanEman KhalifaMahmoud A. SaidAhmed M. AmmarMohamed SamirFrontiers Media S.A.articleXDRSalmonella entericaAcrAB efflux pumpciprofloxacintigecyclineMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	XDR Salmonella enterica AcrAB efflux pump ciprofloxacin tigecycline Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	XDR Salmonella enterica AcrAB efflux pump ciprofloxacin tigecycline Microbiology QR1-502 Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz Yasmine H. Tartor Rasha M. A. Gharieb Ahmed M. Erfan Eman Khalifa Mahmoud A. Said Ahmed M. Ammar Mohamed Samir Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
description	The emergence of extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella in livestock animals especially in poultry represents a serious public health and therapeutic challenge. Despite the wealth of information available on Salmonella resistance to various antimicrobials, there have been limited data on the genetic determinants of XDR Salmonella exhibiting co-resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tigecycline (TIG). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and serotype diversity of XDR Salmonella in poultry flocks and contact workers and to elucidate the genetic determinants involved in the co-resistance to CIP and TIG. Herein, 115 Salmonella enterica isolates of 35 serotypes were identified from sampled poultry (100/1210, 8.26%) and humans (15/375, 4.00%), with the most frequent serotype being Salmonella Typhimurium (26.96%). Twenty-nine (25.22%) Salmonella enterica isolates exhibited XDR patterns; 25 out of them (86.21%) showed CIP/TIG co-resistance. Exposure of CIP- and TIG-resistant isolates to the carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) efflux pump inhibitor resulted in an obvious reduction in their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values and restored the susceptibility to CIP and TIG in 17.24% (5/29) and 92% (23/25) of the isolates, respectively. Molecular analysis revealed that 89.66% of the isolates contained two to six plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes with the predominance of qepA gene (89.66%). Mutations in the gyrA gene were detected at codon S83 (34.62%) or D87 (30.77%) or both (34.62%) in 89.66% of XDR Salmonella. The tet(A) and tet(X4) genes were detected in 100% and 3.45% of the XDR isolates, respectively. Twelve TIG-resistant XDR Salmonella had point mutations at codons 120, 121, and 181 in the tet(A) interdomain loop region. All CIP and TIG co-resistant XDR Salmonella overexpressed ramA gene; 17 (68%) out of them harbored 4-bp deletion in the ramR binding region (T-288/A-285). However, four CIP/TIG co-resistant isolates overexpressed the oqxB gene. In conclusion, the emergence of XDR S. enterica exhibiting CIP/TIG co-resistance in poultry and humans with no previous exposure to TIG warrants an urgent need to reduce the unnecessary antimicrobial use in poultry farms in Egypt.
format	article
author	Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz Yasmine H. Tartor Rasha M. A. Gharieb Ahmed M. Erfan Eman Khalifa Mahmoud A. Said Ahmed M. Ammar Mohamed Samir
author_facet	Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz Yasmine H. Tartor Rasha M. A. Gharieb Ahmed M. Erfan Eman Khalifa Mahmoud A. Said Ahmed M. Ammar Mohamed Samir
author_sort	Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz
title	Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
title_short	Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
title_full	Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
title_fullStr	Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
title_full_unstemmed	Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline
title_sort	extensive drug-resistant salmonella enterica isolated from poultry and humans: prevalence and molecular determinants behind the co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and tigecycline
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/80176d75cf814e10840e4752a6a5b715
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Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline

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