Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents

Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of...

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Autores principales:	Joel Slinger, James W. Wynne, Mark B. Adams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	dysbiosis Atlantic salmon antimicrobial treatment pathobiome mucosal health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c2021-11-22T06:48:33ZProfiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents2673-622510.3389/fanim.2021.756101https://doaj.org/article/801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2021.756101/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-6225Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases.Joel SlingerJoel SlingerJames W. WynneMark B. AdamsFrontiers Media S.A.articledysbiosisAtlantic salmonantimicrobialtreatmentpathobiomemucosal healthVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Animal Science, Vol 2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dysbiosis Atlantic salmon antimicrobial treatment pathobiome mucosal health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	dysbiosis Atlantic salmon antimicrobial treatment pathobiome mucosal health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
description	Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases.
format	article
author	Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams
author_facet	Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams
author_sort	Joel Slinger
title	Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
title_short	Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
title_full	Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
title_fullStr	Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
title_full_unstemmed	Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
title_sort	profiling branchial bacteria of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following exposure to antimicrobial agents
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c
work_keys_str_mv	AT joelslinger profilingbranchialbacteriaofatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlfollowingexposuretoantimicrobialagents AT joelslinger profilingbranchialbacteriaofatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlfollowingexposuretoantimicrobialagents AT jameswwynne profilingbranchialbacteriaofatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlfollowingexposuretoantimicrobialagents AT markbadams profilingbranchialbacteriaofatlanticsalmonsalmosalarlfollowingexposuretoantimicrobialagents
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Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents

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