Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes

Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in plants and has been shown to be chemically, functionally and topologically diverse. Silica and calcium carbonate have long been known as structural plant biominerals and calcium phosphate (apatite)–long known from animals–has recently been reported. Striki...

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Autores principales:	Hans-Jürgen Ensikat, Maximilian Weigend
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	biomineralization calcium carbonate calcium phosphate cell walls loasaceae Raman spectroscopy Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80374ca7667e4733999e9b6c323105d2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:80374ca7667e4733999e9b6c323105d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80374ca7667e4733999e9b6c323105d22021-11-19T06:11:30ZDistribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes2296-418510.3389/fbioe.2021.763690https://doaj.org/article/80374ca7667e4733999e9b6c323105d22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.763690/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-4185Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in plants and has been shown to be chemically, functionally and topologically diverse. Silica and calcium carbonate have long been known as structural plant biominerals and calcium phosphate (apatite)–long known from animals–has recently been reported. Strikingly, up to three different biominerals may occur in a single trichome in, e.g., Urticaceae and Loasaceae, and in combination with organic compounds, can form organic/inorganic composite materials. This article presents an extension of previous studies on the distribution of these biominerals in Loasaceae trichomes with a focus on their spatial (three-dimensional) distribution and co-localization with organic substances. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with high-resolution EDX element analyses of sample surfaces and sections illustrate the differential distribution and composition of the different biomineral phases across cell surfaces and cell walls. Raman spectroscopy additionally permits the identification of organic and inorganic compounds side by side. All three biominerals may be found in a nearly pure inorganic phase, e.g., on the plant surfaces and in the barbs of the glochidiate trichomes, or in combination with a larger proportion of organic compounds (cellulose, pectin). The cell lumen may be additionally filled with amorphous mineral deposits. Water-solubility of the mineral fractions differs considerably. Plant trichomes provide an exciting model system for biomineralization and enable the in-vivo study of the formation of complex composite materials with different biomineral and organic compounds involved.Hans-Jürgen EnsikatMaximilian WeigendFrontiers Media S.A.articlebiomineralizationcalcium carbonatecalcium phosphatecell wallsloasaceaeRaman spectroscopyBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biomineralization calcium carbonate calcium phosphate cell walls loasaceae Raman spectroscopy Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle	biomineralization calcium carbonate calcium phosphate cell walls loasaceae Raman spectroscopy Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Hans-Jürgen Ensikat Maximilian Weigend Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
description	Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in plants and has been shown to be chemically, functionally and topologically diverse. Silica and calcium carbonate have long been known as structural plant biominerals and calcium phosphate (apatite)–long known from animals–has recently been reported. Strikingly, up to three different biominerals may occur in a single trichome in, e.g., Urticaceae and Loasaceae, and in combination with organic compounds, can form organic/inorganic composite materials. This article presents an extension of previous studies on the distribution of these biominerals in Loasaceae trichomes with a focus on their spatial (three-dimensional) distribution and co-localization with organic substances. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with high-resolution EDX element analyses of sample surfaces and sections illustrate the differential distribution and composition of the different biomineral phases across cell surfaces and cell walls. Raman spectroscopy additionally permits the identification of organic and inorganic compounds side by side. All three biominerals may be found in a nearly pure inorganic phase, e.g., on the plant surfaces and in the barbs of the glochidiate trichomes, or in combination with a larger proportion of organic compounds (cellulose, pectin). The cell lumen may be additionally filled with amorphous mineral deposits. Water-solubility of the mineral fractions differs considerably. Plant trichomes provide an exciting model system for biomineralization and enable the in-vivo study of the formation of complex composite materials with different biomineral and organic compounds involved.
format	article
author	Hans-Jürgen Ensikat Maximilian Weigend
author_facet	Hans-Jürgen Ensikat Maximilian Weigend
author_sort	Hans-Jürgen Ensikat
title	Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
title_short	Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
title_full	Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
title_fullStr	Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes
title_sort	distribution of biominerals and mineral-organic composites in plant trichomes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/80374ca7667e4733999e9b6c323105d2
work_keys_str_mv	AT hansjurgenensikat distributionofbiomineralsandmineralorganiccompositesinplanttrichomes AT maximilianweigend distributionofbiomineralsandmineralorganiccompositesinplanttrichomes
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Distribution of Biominerals and Mineral-Organic Composites in Plant Trichomes

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