Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.

The roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in contributing to the organization of biodiversity at large and small scales have long been challenging to disentangle, and doing so has never been attempted for the island province of Hainan in China based on patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic div...

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Autores principales:	Zhi-Xin Zhu, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, A J Harris, Hua-Feng Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80420c4f218c423ca9da2f8d760b66b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80420c4f218c423ca9da2f8d760b66b62021-12-02T20:14:01ZAnthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257575https://doaj.org/article/80420c4f218c423ca9da2f8d760b66b62021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257575https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in contributing to the organization of biodiversity at large and small scales have long been challenging to disentangle, and doing so has never been attempted for the island province of Hainan in China based on patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of endemic plants on the island as a function of anthropogenic and natural variables based on non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and generated generalized linear models (GLMs). We found that the highest phylogenetic diversity (1006) and the lowest mean phylogenetic distance (515.5) was in the provincial capital, Haikou. The NMDS analyses indicated that taxonomic diversity was significantly correlated with industrial revenue (p = 0.006) and population (p = 0.004). Furthermore, most phylogenetic diversity indices were strongly correlated with population and agricultural revenue, while the sampled natural environmental variables were not significantly correlated with plant diversity indices. These findings indicate that anthropogenic factors are the main present-day driving forces of plant diversity in Hainan, though we did detect a significant latitudinal diversity gradient of richness that likely reflects the historical roles of natural environmental factors in the organization of biodiversity on the island. Overall, our results are alarming for biodiversity of the island and indicate that conservation and sustainable use of endemic plant species must be made a critical priority.Zhi-Xin ZhuMir Muhammad NizamaniA J HarrisHua-Feng WangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257575 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhi-Xin Zhu Mir Muhammad Nizamani A J Harris Hua-Feng Wang Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
description	The roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in contributing to the organization of biodiversity at large and small scales have long been challenging to disentangle, and doing so has never been attempted for the island province of Hainan in China based on patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of endemic plants on the island as a function of anthropogenic and natural variables based on non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and generated generalized linear models (GLMs). We found that the highest phylogenetic diversity (1006) and the lowest mean phylogenetic distance (515.5) was in the provincial capital, Haikou. The NMDS analyses indicated that taxonomic diversity was significantly correlated with industrial revenue (p = 0.006) and population (p = 0.004). Furthermore, most phylogenetic diversity indices were strongly correlated with population and agricultural revenue, while the sampled natural environmental variables were not significantly correlated with plant diversity indices. These findings indicate that anthropogenic factors are the main present-day driving forces of plant diversity in Hainan, though we did detect a significant latitudinal diversity gradient of richness that likely reflects the historical roles of natural environmental factors in the organization of biodiversity on the island. Overall, our results are alarming for biodiversity of the island and indicate that conservation and sustainable use of endemic plant species must be made a critical priority.
format	article
author	Zhi-Xin Zhu Mir Muhammad Nizamani A J Harris Hua-Feng Wang
author_facet	Zhi-Xin Zhu Mir Muhammad Nizamani A J Harris Hua-Feng Wang
author_sort	Zhi-Xin Zhu
title	Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
title_short	Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
title_full	Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
title_fullStr	Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
title_full_unstemmed	Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.
title_sort	anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on hainan island of china than natural environmental factors.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/80420c4f218c423ca9da2f8d760b66b6
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhixinzhu anthropogenicfactorsarestrongerdriversofpatternsofendemicplantdiversityonhainanislandofchinathannaturalenvironmentalfactors AT mirmuhammadnizamani anthropogenicfactorsarestrongerdriversofpatternsofendemicplantdiversityonhainanislandofchinathannaturalenvironmentalfactors AT ajharris anthropogenicfactorsarestrongerdriversofpatternsofendemicplantdiversityonhainanislandofchinathannaturalenvironmentalfactors AT huafengwang anthropogenicfactorsarestrongerdriversofpatternsofendemicplantdiversityonhainanislandofchinathannaturalenvironmentalfactors
_version_	1718374716047097856

Anthropogenic factors are stronger drivers of patterns of endemic plant diversity on Hainan Island of China than natural environmental factors.

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