Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraqui...

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Autores principales:	Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo, Songmei Geng, Xiaopeng Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Mengting Qin, Meng Yuan, Yang Wang, Farooq Riaz, Chengcheng Liu, Yanhong Ji
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Renewable energy sources TJ807-830
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a2191697
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a21916972021-11-22T01:11:17ZAloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway1687-529X10.1155/2021/6935269https://doaj.org/article/8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a21916972021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6935269https://doaj.org/toc/1687-529XBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone photosensitizer (PS), on proliferation and apoptosis of BCC TE 354.T cell line. To evaluate the effects of AE-mediated PDT, we used various concentrations of AE (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and white light energy (0, 12, 24, and 36 J/cm2). CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability following AE-mediated PDT. The cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of AE-mediated PDT on the apoptotic proteins, Akt, and MAPK pathways. AE-mediated PDT inhibited tumorigenic cell proliferation, consequently enhancing apoptosis in AE and PDT concentration and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Significantly increased TE 354.T cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were both observed after AE-mediated PDT. Following the AE-mediated PDT, cytochrome and antitumor p53 were elevated; however expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Significant caspase 3 elevation post-AE-mediated PDT suggested intrinsically driven apoptosis. Additionally, AE-mediated PDT significantly suppressed NF-κB, Akt, and ERK pathways while JNK expression was significantly increased. AE-mediated PDT induced TE 354.T cell apoptosis through the intracellular generation of ROS. Akt, ERK, and JNK all play various roles in ensuring successful TE 354.T tumor cell apoptosis.Woodvine Otieno OdhiamboSongmei GengXiaopeng WangXiaodong ChenMengting QinMeng YuanYang WangFarooq RiazChengcheng LiuYanhong JiHindawi LimitedarticleRenewable energy sourcesTJ807-830ENInternational Journal of Photoenergy, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Renewable energy sources TJ807-830
spellingShingle	Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
description	Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone photosensitizer (PS), on proliferation and apoptosis of BCC TE 354.T cell line. To evaluate the effects of AE-mediated PDT, we used various concentrations of AE (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and white light energy (0, 12, 24, and 36 J/cm2). CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability following AE-mediated PDT. The cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of AE-mediated PDT on the apoptotic proteins, Akt, and MAPK pathways. AE-mediated PDT inhibited tumorigenic cell proliferation, consequently enhancing apoptosis in AE and PDT concentration and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Significantly increased TE 354.T cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were both observed after AE-mediated PDT. Following the AE-mediated PDT, cytochrome and antitumor p53 were elevated; however expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Significant caspase 3 elevation post-AE-mediated PDT suggested intrinsically driven apoptosis. Additionally, AE-mediated PDT significantly suppressed NF-κB, Akt, and ERK pathways while JNK expression was significantly increased. AE-mediated PDT induced TE 354.T cell apoptosis through the intracellular generation of ROS. Akt, ERK, and JNK all play various roles in ensuring successful TE 354.T tumor cell apoptosis.
format	article
author	Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji
author_facet	Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji
author_sort	Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo
title	Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
title_short	Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
title_full	Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
title_fullStr	Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
title_full_unstemmed	Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
title_sort	aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis in basal cell carcinoma cells via activation of erk/jnk signaling pathway
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a2191697
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Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway

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