The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT

ABSTRACT Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-speci...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: John D. Clements, Elizabeth B. Norton
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/804b0ebcf2d743a4b4140eb36cdd18d9
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
Descripción
Sumario:ABSTRACT Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-specific response, including inflammatory Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. This review is timely due to completed, ongoing, and planned clinical investigations of dmLT in multiple vaccine formulations by government, nonprofit, and industry groups in the United States and abroad.