The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT

ABSTRACT Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-speci...

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Autores principales:	John D. Clements, Elizabeth B. Norton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	adjuvant dmLT mucosal vaccines Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/804b0ebcf2d743a4b4140eb36cdd18d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:804b0ebcf2d743a4b4140eb36cdd18d92021-11-15T15:25:51ZThe Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT10.1128/mSphere.00215-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/804b0ebcf2d743a4b4140eb36cdd18d92018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00215-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-specific response, including inflammatory Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. This review is timely due to completed, ongoing, and planned clinical investigations of dmLT in multiple vaccine formulations by government, nonprofit, and industry groups in the United States and abroad.John D. ClementsElizabeth B. NortonAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleadjuvantdmLTmucosal vaccinesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 4 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adjuvant dmLT mucosal vaccines Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	adjuvant dmLT mucosal vaccines Microbiology QR1-502 John D. Clements Elizabeth B. Norton The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
description	ABSTRACT Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), cholera toxin (CT), and mutants or subunits of LT and CT. These proteins promote a multifaceted antigen-specific response, including inflammatory Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. This review is timely due to completed, ongoing, and planned clinical investigations of dmLT in multiple vaccine formulations by government, nonprofit, and industry groups in the United States and abroad.
format	article
author	John D. Clements Elizabeth B. Norton
author_facet	John D. Clements Elizabeth B. Norton
author_sort	John D. Clements
title	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
title_short	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
title_full	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
title_fullStr	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
title_full_unstemmed	The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT
title_sort	mucosal vaccine adjuvant lt(r192g/l211a) or dmlt
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/804b0ebcf2d743a4b4140eb36cdd18d9
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The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT

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