Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Belete Bayu,1 Amare Tariku,2 Abera Balcha Bulti,3 Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu,4 Terefe Derso,2 Destaw Fetene Teshome5 1Wag Himra Zonal Health Department, Sekota, 2Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, 3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 4Department of Reproductive H...

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Autores principales: Bayu B, Tariku A, Bulti AB, Habitu YA, Derso T, Teshome DF
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:
HIV
Virologic failure
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
Case-control
Ethiopia
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/805bd4ed1a4d408ca060c0e7ba842436
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:805bd4ed1a4d408ca060c0e7ba8424362021-12-02T04:59:03ZDeterminants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/805bd4ed1a4d408ca060c0e7ba8424362017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/determinants-of-virological-failure-among-patients-on-highly-active-an-peer-reviewed-article-HIVhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373Belete Bayu,1 Amare Tariku,2 Abera Balcha Bulti,3 Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu,4 Terefe Derso,2 Destaw Fetene Teshome5 1Wag Himra Zonal Health Department, Sekota, 2Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, 3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 4Department of Reproductive Health, 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Background: Viral load monitoring is used as an important biomarker for diagnosing treatment failure in patients with HIV infection/AIDS. Ethiopia has started targeted viral load monitoring. However, factors leading to virological failure are not well understood and studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A case–control study was conducted from May to June 2015. Cases were subjects who had already experienced virological failure; controls were those without virological failure. Data were extracted from 153 cases and 153 controls through chart review. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with virological failure, and variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, higher odds of virological failure was observed among patients aged <35 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.52, 95% CI: 1.33, 4.77), who had had CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3 (AOR=9.03, 95% CI: 4.40, 18.50), showed poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (AOR=15.80, 95% CI: 6.90, 36.50), and had taken ART for longer durations of 25–47 months (AOR=3.00, 95% CI: 1.10, 8.40) and ≥48 months (AOR=6.70, 95% CI: 2.70, 16.60).Conclusion: This study showed that patients aged <35 years and with recent low CD4 count, poor adherence to treatment, and longer exposure to ART were positively and significantly associated with virological treatment failure. Therefore, evidence-based intervention should be implemented to improve adherence to ART, which in turn helps to boost immunity (CD4) and suppresses viral replication and load. Moreover, attention should be given to younger patients who have had ART for longer periods. Keywords: HIV, virological failure, highly active antiretroviral therapy, case–control study, EthiopiaBayu BTariku ABulti ABHabitu YADerso TTeshome DFDove Medical PressarticleHIVVirologic failureHighly Active Anti-Retroviral TherapyCase-controlEthiopiaImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol Volume 9, Pp 153-159 (2017)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic HIV
Virologic failure
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
Case-control
Ethiopia
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
spellingShingle HIV
Virologic failure
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
Case-control
Ethiopia
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
Bayu B
Tariku A
Bulti AB
Habitu YA
Derso T
Teshome DF
Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
description Belete Bayu,1 Amare Tariku,2 Abera Balcha Bulti,3 Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu,4 Terefe Derso,2 Destaw Fetene Teshome5 1Wag Himra Zonal Health Department, Sekota, 2Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, 3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, 4Department of Reproductive Health, 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Background: Viral load monitoring is used as an important biomarker for diagnosing treatment failure in patients with HIV infection/AIDS. Ethiopia has started targeted viral load monitoring. However, factors leading to virological failure are not well understood and studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A case–control study was conducted from May to June 2015. Cases were subjects who had already experienced virological failure; controls were those without virological failure. Data were extracted from 153 cases and 153 controls through chart review. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with virological failure, and variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, higher odds of virological failure was observed among patients aged <35 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.52, 95% CI: 1.33, 4.77), who had had CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3 (AOR=9.03, 95% CI: 4.40, 18.50), showed poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (AOR=15.80, 95% CI: 6.90, 36.50), and had taken ART for longer durations of 25–47 months (AOR=3.00, 95% CI: 1.10, 8.40) and ≥48 months (AOR=6.70, 95% CI: 2.70, 16.60).Conclusion: This study showed that patients aged <35 years and with recent low CD4 count, poor adherence to treatment, and longer exposure to ART were positively and significantly associated with virological treatment failure. Therefore, evidence-based intervention should be implemented to improve adherence to ART, which in turn helps to boost immunity (CD4) and suppresses viral replication and load. Moreover, attention should be given to younger patients who have had ART for longer periods. Keywords: HIV, virological failure, highly active antiretroviral therapy, case–control study, Ethiopia
format article
author Bayu B
Tariku A
Bulti AB
Habitu YA
Derso T
Teshome DF
author_facet Bayu B
Tariku A
Bulti AB
Habitu YA
Derso T
Teshome DF
author_sort Bayu B
title Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
title_short Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
title_full Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
title_fullStr Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study
title_sort determinants of virological failure among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in university of gondar referral hospital, northwest ethiopia: a case–control study
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2017
url https://doaj.org/article/805bd4ed1a4d408ca060c0e7ba842436
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