TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes

Abstract Most, if not all, peripheral immune cells in humans and animals express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Since TH is typically studied in the context of brain catecholamine signaling, little is known about changes in TH production and function...

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Autores principales:	Adithya Gopinath, Martin Badov, Madison Francis, Gerry Shaw, Anthony Collins, Douglas R. Miller, Carissa A. Hansen, Phillip Mackie, Malú Gámez Tansey, Abeer Dagra, Irina Madorsky, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Michael S. Okun, Wolfgang J. Streit, Habibeh Khoshbouei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/806b43b093964f069d4b1c251c749341
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:806b43b093964f069d4b1c251c7493412021-12-02T16:50:25ZTNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes10.1038/s41531-021-00201-x2373-8057https://doaj.org/article/806b43b093964f069d4b1c251c7493412021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-021-00201-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-8057Abstract Most, if not all, peripheral immune cells in humans and animals express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Since TH is typically studied in the context of brain catecholamine signaling, little is known about changes in TH production and function in peripheral immune cells. This knowledge gap is due, in part, to the lack of an adequately sensitive assay to measure TH in immune cells expressing lower TH levels compared to other TH expressing cells. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive and reproducible Bio-ELISA to quantify picogram levels of TH in multiple model systems. We have applied this assay to monocytes isolated from blood of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to age-matched, healthy controls. Our study unexpectedly revealed that PD patients’ monocytes express significantly higher levels of TH protein in peripheral monocytes relative to healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has also been shown to be increased in the brains and peripheral circulation in human PD, as well as in animal models of PD. Therefore, we investigated a possible connection between higher levels of TH protein and the known increase in circulating TNFα in PD. Monocytes isolated from healthy donors were treated with TNFα or with TNFα in the presence of an inhibitor. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) was used as a positive control. We observed that TNFα stimulation increased both the number of TH+ monocytes and the quantity of TH per monocyte, without increasing the total numbers of monocytes. These results revealed that TNFα could potentially modify monocytic TH production and serve a regulatory role in peripheral immune function. The development and application of a highly sensitive assay to quantify TH in both human and animal cells will provide a novel tool for further investigating possible PD immune regulatory pathways between brain and periphery.Adithya GopinathMartin BadovMadison FrancisGerry ShawAnthony CollinsDouglas R. MillerCarissa A. HansenPhillip MackieMalú Gámez TanseyAbeer DagraIrina MadorskyAdolfo Ramirez-ZamoraMichael S. OkunWolfgang J. StreitHabibeh KhoshboueiNature PortfolioarticleNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENnpj Parkinson's Disease, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Adithya Gopinath Martin Badov Madison Francis Gerry Shaw Anthony Collins Douglas R. Miller Carissa A. Hansen Phillip Mackie Malú Gámez Tansey Abeer Dagra Irina Madorsky Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora Michael S. Okun Wolfgang J. Streit Habibeh Khoshbouei TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
description	Abstract Most, if not all, peripheral immune cells in humans and animals express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Since TH is typically studied in the context of brain catecholamine signaling, little is known about changes in TH production and function in peripheral immune cells. This knowledge gap is due, in part, to the lack of an adequately sensitive assay to measure TH in immune cells expressing lower TH levels compared to other TH expressing cells. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive and reproducible Bio-ELISA to quantify picogram levels of TH in multiple model systems. We have applied this assay to monocytes isolated from blood of persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to age-matched, healthy controls. Our study unexpectedly revealed that PD patients’ monocytes express significantly higher levels of TH protein in peripheral monocytes relative to healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has also been shown to be increased in the brains and peripheral circulation in human PD, as well as in animal models of PD. Therefore, we investigated a possible connection between higher levels of TH protein and the known increase in circulating TNFα in PD. Monocytes isolated from healthy donors were treated with TNFα or with TNFα in the presence of an inhibitor. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) was used as a positive control. We observed that TNFα stimulation increased both the number of TH+ monocytes and the quantity of TH per monocyte, without increasing the total numbers of monocytes. These results revealed that TNFα could potentially modify monocytic TH production and serve a regulatory role in peripheral immune function. The development and application of a highly sensitive assay to quantify TH in both human and animal cells will provide a novel tool for further investigating possible PD immune regulatory pathways between brain and periphery.
format	article
author	Adithya Gopinath Martin Badov Madison Francis Gerry Shaw Anthony Collins Douglas R. Miller Carissa A. Hansen Phillip Mackie Malú Gámez Tansey Abeer Dagra Irina Madorsky Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora Michael S. Okun Wolfgang J. Streit Habibeh Khoshbouei
author_facet	Adithya Gopinath Martin Badov Madison Francis Gerry Shaw Anthony Collins Douglas R. Miller Carissa A. Hansen Phillip Mackie Malú Gámez Tansey Abeer Dagra Irina Madorsky Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora Michael S. Okun Wolfgang J. Streit Habibeh Khoshbouei
author_sort	Adithya Gopinath
title	TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
title_short	TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
title_full	TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
title_fullStr	TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
title_full_unstemmed	TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
title_sort	tnfα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/806b43b093964f069d4b1c251c749341
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TNFα increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human monocytes

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