UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly-conserved pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to invading pathogens and endogenous danger signals released from damaged and dying cells. Activation of TLRs trigger downstream signaling cascades, that culminate in the activation of...
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oai:doaj.org-article:808160eb61c14cfaa9608bd6b662ea432021-11-04T06:49:42ZUMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/808160eb61c14cfaa9608bd6b662ea432021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8550426/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly-conserved pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to invading pathogens and endogenous danger signals released from damaged and dying cells. Activation of TLRs trigger downstream signaling cascades, that culminate in the activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which subsequently leads to type I interferon (IFN) response. In the current study, we sought to expand the scope of gene expression changes in THP1-derived macrophages upon TLR4 activation and to identify interferon-stimulated genes. RNA-seq analysis led to the identification of several known and novel differentially expressed genes, including CMPK2, particularly in association with type I IFN signaling. We performed an in-depth characterization of CMPK2 expression, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase that supplies intracellular UTP/CTP for nucleic acid synthesis in response to type I IFN signaling in macrophages. CMPK2 was significantly induced at both RNA and protein levels upon stimulation with TLR4 ligand—LPS and TLR3 ligand—Poly (I:C). Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation indicated CMPK2 localization in both cytoplasm and mitochondria of THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody-based inhibition of IFNAR receptor in THP-1 cells and BMDMs derived from IFNAR KO and IRF3 KO knockout mice further revealed that CMPK2 expression is dependent on LPS/Poly (I:C) mediated IRF3- type I interferon signaling. In summary, our findings suggest that CMPK2 is a potential interferon-stimulated gene in THP-1 macrophages and that CMPK2 may facilitate IRF3- type I IFN-dependent anti-bacterial and anti-viral roles.Hera KimYashwanth SubbannayyaFiachra HumphriesAstrid SkejsolSneha M. PintoMiriam GiambellucaTerje EspevikKatherine A. FitzgeraldRichard K. KandasamyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021) |
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Medicine R Science Q Hera Kim Yashwanth Subbannayya Fiachra Humphries Astrid Skejsol Sneha M. Pinto Miriam Giambelluca Terje Espevik Katherine A. Fitzgerald Richard K. Kandasamy UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
description |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly-conserved pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to invading pathogens and endogenous danger signals released from damaged and dying cells. Activation of TLRs trigger downstream signaling cascades, that culminate in the activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which subsequently leads to type I interferon (IFN) response. In the current study, we sought to expand the scope of gene expression changes in THP1-derived macrophages upon TLR4 activation and to identify interferon-stimulated genes. RNA-seq analysis led to the identification of several known and novel differentially expressed genes, including CMPK2, particularly in association with type I IFN signaling. We performed an in-depth characterization of CMPK2 expression, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase that supplies intracellular UTP/CTP for nucleic acid synthesis in response to type I IFN signaling in macrophages. CMPK2 was significantly induced at both RNA and protein levels upon stimulation with TLR4 ligand—LPS and TLR3 ligand—Poly (I:C). Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation indicated CMPK2 localization in both cytoplasm and mitochondria of THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody-based inhibition of IFNAR receptor in THP-1 cells and BMDMs derived from IFNAR KO and IRF3 KO knockout mice further revealed that CMPK2 expression is dependent on LPS/Poly (I:C) mediated IRF3- type I interferon signaling. In summary, our findings suggest that CMPK2 is a potential interferon-stimulated gene in THP-1 macrophages and that CMPK2 may facilitate IRF3- type I IFN-dependent anti-bacterial and anti-viral roles. |
format |
article |
author |
Hera Kim Yashwanth Subbannayya Fiachra Humphries Astrid Skejsol Sneha M. Pinto Miriam Giambelluca Terje Espevik Katherine A. Fitzgerald Richard K. Kandasamy |
author_facet |
Hera Kim Yashwanth Subbannayya Fiachra Humphries Astrid Skejsol Sneha M. Pinto Miriam Giambelluca Terje Espevik Katherine A. Fitzgerald Richard K. Kandasamy |
author_sort |
Hera Kim |
title |
UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
title_short |
UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
title_full |
UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
title_fullStr |
UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
title_full_unstemmed |
UMP-CMP kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the IRF3-IFNAR signaling axis |
title_sort |
ump-cmp kinase 2 gene expression in macrophages is dependent on the irf3-ifnar signaling axis |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/808160eb61c14cfaa9608bd6b662ea43 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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