Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies

Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-me...

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Autores principales:	Jessica Waibl Polania, Emily C. Lerner, Daniel S. Wilkinson, Alexandra Hoyt-Miggelbrink, Peter E. Fecci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	immunotherapy tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cells immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) tumor microenvironment immunotherapy resistance Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/808b5813dcf74fa597cb5e25097d8f85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:808b5813dcf74fa597cb5e25097d8f852021-11-18T05:50:00ZPushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.777073https://doaj.org/article/808b5813dcf74fa597cb5e25097d8f852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.777073/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.Jessica Waibl PolaniaEmily C. LernerDaniel S. WilkinsonAlexandra Hoyt-MiggelbrinkPeter E. FecciFrontiers Media S.A.articleimmunotherapytumor-associated macrophage (TAM)CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cellsimmune checkpoint inhibition (ICI)tumor microenvironmentimmunotherapy resistanceImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	immunotherapy tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cells immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) tumor microenvironment immunotherapy resistance Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	immunotherapy tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cells immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) tumor microenvironment immunotherapy resistance Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Jessica Waibl Polania Emily C. Lerner Daniel S. Wilkinson Alexandra Hoyt-Miggelbrink Peter E. Fecci Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
description	Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.
format	article
author	Jessica Waibl Polania Emily C. Lerner Daniel S. Wilkinson Alexandra Hoyt-Miggelbrink Peter E. Fecci
author_facet	Jessica Waibl Polania Emily C. Lerner Daniel S. Wilkinson Alexandra Hoyt-Miggelbrink Peter E. Fecci
author_sort	Jessica Waibl Polania
title	Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
title_short	Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
title_full	Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
title_fullStr	Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
title_full_unstemmed	Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
title_sort	pushing past the blockade: advancements in t cell-based cancer immunotherapies
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/808b5813dcf74fa597cb5e25097d8f85
work_keys_str_mv	AT jessicawaiblpolania pushingpasttheblockadeadvancementsintcellbasedcancerimmunotherapies AT emilyclerner pushingpasttheblockadeadvancementsintcellbasedcancerimmunotherapies AT danielswilkinson pushingpasttheblockadeadvancementsintcellbasedcancerimmunotherapies AT alexandrahoytmiggelbrink pushingpasttheblockadeadvancementsintcellbasedcancerimmunotherapies AT peterefecci pushingpasttheblockadeadvancementsintcellbasedcancerimmunotherapies
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Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies

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