Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) for which both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. The strongest synergy among them exists between the MHC class II haplotype and infection with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), especially symp...

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Autores principales:	Fabienne Läderach, Christian Münz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HLA-DRB1*1501 EBNA1 CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD20 humanized mice Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8097a2c996cb4b2282d82766d245cef0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8097a2c996cb4b2282d82766d245cef02021-11-25T18:24:06ZEpstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk10.3390/microorganisms91121912076-2607https://doaj.org/article/8097a2c996cb4b2282d82766d245cef02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2191https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) for which both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. The strongest synergy among them exists between the MHC class II haplotype and infection with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), especially symptomatic primary EBV infection (infectious mononucleosis) and elevated EBV-specific antibodies. In this review, we will summarize the epidemiological evidence that EBV infection is a prerequisite for MS development, describe altered EBV specific immune responses in MS patients, and speculate about possible pathogenic mechanisms for the synergy between EBV infection and the MS-associated MHC class II haplotype. We will also discuss how at least one of these mechanisms might explain the recent success of B cell-depleting therapies for MS. While a better mechanistic understanding of the role of EBV infection and its immune control during MS pathogenesis is required and calls for the development of innovative experimental systems to test the proposed mechanisms, therapies targeting EBV-infected B cells are already starting to be explored in MS patients.Fabienne LäderachChristian MünzMDPI AGarticleHLA-DRB1*1501EBNA1CD4<sup>+</sup> T cellsantigen-presenting cell (APC)CD20humanized miceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2191, p 2191 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HLA-DRB1*1501 EBNA1 CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD20 humanized mice Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	HLA-DRB1*1501 EBNA1 CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD20 humanized mice Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Fabienne Läderach Christian Münz Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
description	Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) for which both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. The strongest synergy among them exists between the MHC class II haplotype and infection with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), especially symptomatic primary EBV infection (infectious mononucleosis) and elevated EBV-specific antibodies. In this review, we will summarize the epidemiological evidence that EBV infection is a prerequisite for MS development, describe altered EBV specific immune responses in MS patients, and speculate about possible pathogenic mechanisms for the synergy between EBV infection and the MS-associated MHC class II haplotype. We will also discuss how at least one of these mechanisms might explain the recent success of B cell-depleting therapies for MS. While a better mechanistic understanding of the role of EBV infection and its immune control during MS pathogenesis is required and calls for the development of innovative experimental systems to test the proposed mechanisms, therapies targeting EBV-infected B cells are already starting to be explored in MS patients.
format	article
author	Fabienne Läderach Christian Münz
author_facet	Fabienne Läderach Christian Münz
author_sort	Fabienne Läderach
title	Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
title_short	Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
title_full	Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
title_fullStr	Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
title_full_unstemmed	Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
title_sort	epstein barr virus exploits genetic susceptibility to increase multiple sclerosis risk
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8097a2c996cb4b2282d82766d245cef0
work_keys_str_mv	AT fabienneladerach epsteinbarrvirusexploitsgeneticsusceptibilitytoincreasemultiplesclerosisrisk AT christianmunz epsteinbarrvirusexploitsgeneticsusceptibilitytoincreasemultiplesclerosisrisk
_version_	1718411207792132096

Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk

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