Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms

ABSTRACT The genus Leptospira is composed of pathogenic and saprophytic spirochetes. Pathogenic Leptospira is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally spread neglected disease. A key ecological feature of some pathogenic species is their ability to survive both within and outside the host....

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Autores principales:	Gregorio Iraola, Lucía Spangenberg, Bruno Lopes Bastos, Martín Graña, Larissa Vasconcelos, Áurea Almeida, Gonzalo Greif, Carlos Robello, Paula Ristow, Hugo Naya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Leptospira RNA sequencing biofilms gene expression transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/809b6b2802f544bfb9ca793f2c83ad9e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:809b6b2802f544bfb9ca793f2c83ad9e2021-11-15T15:21:22ZTranscriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms10.1128/mSphere.00042-162379-5042https://doaj.org/article/809b6b2802f544bfb9ca793f2c83ad9e2016-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00042-16https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The genus Leptospira is composed of pathogenic and saprophytic spirochetes. Pathogenic Leptospira is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally spread neglected disease. A key ecological feature of some pathogenic species is their ability to survive both within and outside the host. For most leptospires, the ability to persist outside the host is associated with biofilm formation, a most important bacterial strategy to face and overcome hostile environmental conditions. The architecture and biochemistry of leptospiral biofilms are rather well understood; however, the genetic program underpinning biofilm formation remains mostly unknown. In this work, we used the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa as a model organism to assess over- and underrepresented transcripts during the biofilm state, using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Our results showed that some basal biological processes like DNA replication and cell division are downregulated in the mature biofilm. Additionally, we identified significant expression reprogramming for genes involved in motility, sugar/lipid metabolism, and iron scavenging, as well as for outer membrane-encoding genes. A careful manual annotation process allowed us to assign molecular functions to many previously uncharacterized genes that are probably involved in biofilm metabolism. We also provided evidence for the presence of small regulatory RNAs in this species. Finally, coexpression networks were reconstructed to pinpoint functionally related gene clusters that may explain how biofilm maintenance is regulated. Beyond elucidating some genetic aspects of biofilm formation, this work reveals a number of pathways whose functional dissection may impact our understanding of leptospiral biology, in particular how these organisms adapt to environmental changes. IMPORTANCE In this work, we describe the first transcriptome based on RNA-seq technology focused on studying transcriptional changes associated with biofilm growth in a member of the genus Leptospira. As many pathogenic species of this genus can survive inside the host but also persist in environmental water, mostly forming biofilms, identifying the molecular basis of this capacity can impact the understanding of how leptospires are able to fulfill a complete life cycle that alternates between adaptation to the host and adaptation to hostile external environmental conditions. We identified several genes and regulatory networks that can be the kickoff for deepening understanding of the molecular mechanisms involving bacterial persistence via biofilm formation; understanding this is important for the future development of tools for controlling leptospirosis.Gregorio IraolaLucía SpangenbergBruno Lopes BastosMartín GrañaLarissa VasconcelosÁurea AlmeidaGonzalo GreifCarlos RobelloPaula RistowHugo NayaAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleLeptospiraRNA sequencingbiofilmsgene expressiontranscriptomicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 1, Iss 2 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Leptospira RNA sequencing biofilms gene expression transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Leptospira RNA sequencing biofilms gene expression transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502 Gregorio Iraola Lucía Spangenberg Bruno Lopes Bastos Martín Graña Larissa Vasconcelos Áurea Almeida Gonzalo Greif Carlos Robello Paula Ristow Hugo Naya Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
description	ABSTRACT The genus Leptospira is composed of pathogenic and saprophytic spirochetes. Pathogenic Leptospira is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally spread neglected disease. A key ecological feature of some pathogenic species is their ability to survive both within and outside the host. For most leptospires, the ability to persist outside the host is associated with biofilm formation, a most important bacterial strategy to face and overcome hostile environmental conditions. The architecture and biochemistry of leptospiral biofilms are rather well understood; however, the genetic program underpinning biofilm formation remains mostly unknown. In this work, we used the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa as a model organism to assess over- and underrepresented transcripts during the biofilm state, using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Our results showed that some basal biological processes like DNA replication and cell division are downregulated in the mature biofilm. Additionally, we identified significant expression reprogramming for genes involved in motility, sugar/lipid metabolism, and iron scavenging, as well as for outer membrane-encoding genes. A careful manual annotation process allowed us to assign molecular functions to many previously uncharacterized genes that are probably involved in biofilm metabolism. We also provided evidence for the presence of small regulatory RNAs in this species. Finally, coexpression networks were reconstructed to pinpoint functionally related gene clusters that may explain how biofilm maintenance is regulated. Beyond elucidating some genetic aspects of biofilm formation, this work reveals a number of pathways whose functional dissection may impact our understanding of leptospiral biology, in particular how these organisms adapt to environmental changes. IMPORTANCE In this work, we describe the first transcriptome based on RNA-seq technology focused on studying transcriptional changes associated with biofilm growth in a member of the genus Leptospira. As many pathogenic species of this genus can survive inside the host but also persist in environmental water, mostly forming biofilms, identifying the molecular basis of this capacity can impact the understanding of how leptospires are able to fulfill a complete life cycle that alternates between adaptation to the host and adaptation to hostile external environmental conditions. We identified several genes and regulatory networks that can be the kickoff for deepening understanding of the molecular mechanisms involving bacterial persistence via biofilm formation; understanding this is important for the future development of tools for controlling leptospirosis.
format	article
author	Gregorio Iraola Lucía Spangenberg Bruno Lopes Bastos Martín Graña Larissa Vasconcelos Áurea Almeida Gonzalo Greif Carlos Robello Paula Ristow Hugo Naya
author_facet	Gregorio Iraola Lucía Spangenberg Bruno Lopes Bastos Martín Graña Larissa Vasconcelos Áurea Almeida Gonzalo Greif Carlos Robello Paula Ristow Hugo Naya
author_sort	Gregorio Iraola
title	Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
title_short	Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
title_full	Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
title_fullStr	Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms
title_sort	transcriptome sequencing reveals wide expression reprogramming of basal and unknown genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">leptospira biflexa</named-content> biofilms
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/809b6b2802f544bfb9ca793f2c83ad9e
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Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Wide Expression Reprogramming of Basal and Unknown Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Leptospira biflexa</named-content> Biofilms

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