Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis

The literature in this field cites various ubiquitous fungal and bacterial microorganisms as etiologic agents in severely stressed captive alligators and crocodiles. This study reports two cases of Alligator mississippiensis with bacterial and fungal disease. Two adult American alligators have been...

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Autores principales:	Rizac Raluca Ioana, Soare Teodoru, Ciobotaru-Pîrvu Emilia, Militaru Manuella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Sciendo 2019
Materias:	alligator mississippiensis systemic disease histopathology husbandry Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80b1eaafd0404754a164d9cc9ca5875f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80b1eaafd0404754a164d9cc9ca5875f2021-11-17T21:27:53ZSystemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis1820-744810.2478/acve-2019-0029https://doaj.org/article/80b1eaafd0404754a164d9cc9ca5875f2019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2019-0029https://doaj.org/toc/1820-7448The literature in this field cites various ubiquitous fungal and bacterial microorganisms as etiologic agents in severely stressed captive alligators and crocodiles. This study reports two cases of Alligator mississippiensis with bacterial and fungal disease. Two adult American alligators have been submitted for post-mortem investigations. Necropsy, cytology (MGG), and histopathology investigations (HE, HEA, PAS, Gram, Giemsa, Ziehl Neelsen) were carried out. Pleural and pericardial swabs were subjected to microbiological examination. The main lesions detected involved the lower respiratory system and were characterized by thoracic serosanguineous effusions, pleural and pulmonary nodules (1 – 80 mm), accompanied by edema. Similar nodules observed also in the liver, spleen and myocardium, suggested a systemic disease. Additionally, cutaneous, gingival and gastrointestinal erosions and ulcers were found. Cytoarchitecture findings in the major organs revealed lymphoid depletion, multifocal to coalescing necrotic areas with coccoid aggregates and rod shaped bacteria intermixing fungal structures, boarded by heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrates, composed by epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes and heterophils. The microbiological examination revealed the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, Serratia marcescens, Pantoea agglomerans, Proteus vulgaris, haemolitic and non-haemolitic E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Rhizopus/Absidia from pleural and pericardial cavities, concluding that death occurred following a bacterial and fungal pneumonia, with secondary spreading of microorganisms. Along with the low immune response, severe stress was the main possible cause, as a result of environmental temperature changes during the winter, as well as other husbandry issues.Rizac Raluca IoanaSoare TeodoruCiobotaru-Pîrvu EmiliaMilitaru ManuellaSciendoarticlealligator mississippiensissystemic diseasehistopathologyhusbandryVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENActa Veterinaria, Vol 69, Iss 3, Pp 348-359 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alligator mississippiensis systemic disease histopathology husbandry Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	alligator mississippiensis systemic disease histopathology husbandry Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Rizac Raluca Ioana Soare Teodoru Ciobotaru-Pîrvu Emilia Militaru Manuella Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
description	The literature in this field cites various ubiquitous fungal and bacterial microorganisms as etiologic agents in severely stressed captive alligators and crocodiles. This study reports two cases of Alligator mississippiensis with bacterial and fungal disease. Two adult American alligators have been submitted for post-mortem investigations. Necropsy, cytology (MGG), and histopathology investigations (HE, HEA, PAS, Gram, Giemsa, Ziehl Neelsen) were carried out. Pleural and pericardial swabs were subjected to microbiological examination. The main lesions detected involved the lower respiratory system and were characterized by thoracic serosanguineous effusions, pleural and pulmonary nodules (1 – 80 mm), accompanied by edema. Similar nodules observed also in the liver, spleen and myocardium, suggested a systemic disease. Additionally, cutaneous, gingival and gastrointestinal erosions and ulcers were found. Cytoarchitecture findings in the major organs revealed lymphoid depletion, multifocal to coalescing necrotic areas with coccoid aggregates and rod shaped bacteria intermixing fungal structures, boarded by heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrates, composed by epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes and heterophils. The microbiological examination revealed the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, Serratia marcescens, Pantoea agglomerans, Proteus vulgaris, haemolitic and non-haemolitic E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Rhizopus/Absidia from pleural and pericardial cavities, concluding that death occurred following a bacterial and fungal pneumonia, with secondary spreading of microorganisms. Along with the low immune response, severe stress was the main possible cause, as a result of environmental temperature changes during the winter, as well as other husbandry issues.
format	article
author	Rizac Raluca Ioana Soare Teodoru Ciobotaru-Pîrvu Emilia Militaru Manuella
author_facet	Rizac Raluca Ioana Soare Teodoru Ciobotaru-Pîrvu Emilia Militaru Manuella
author_sort	Rizac Raluca Ioana
title	Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
title_short	Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
title_full	Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
title_fullStr	Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
title_full_unstemmed	Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
title_sort	systemic granulomatous pathology in two captive alligator mississippiensis
publisher	Sciendo
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/80b1eaafd0404754a164d9cc9ca5875f
work_keys_str_mv	AT rizacralucaioana systemicgranulomatouspathologyintwocaptivealligatormississippiensis AT soareteodoru systemicgranulomatouspathologyintwocaptivealligatormississippiensis AT ciobotarupirvuemilia systemicgranulomatouspathologyintwocaptivealligatormississippiensis AT militarumanuella systemicgranulomatouspathologyintwocaptivealligatormississippiensis
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Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis

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