Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors

Abstract As wearable technologies are being increasingly used for clinical research and healthcare, it is critical to understand their accuracy and determine how measurement errors may affect research conclusions and impact healthcare decision-making. Accuracy of wearable technologies has been a hot...

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Autores principales:	Brinnae Bent, Benjamin A. Goldstein, Warren A. Kibbe, Jessilyn P. Dunn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80ba2cc27bce46bf8b4662d44edc2cff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80ba2cc27bce46bf8b4662d44edc2cff2021-12-02T11:02:18ZInvestigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors10.1038/s41746-020-0226-62398-6352https://doaj.org/article/80ba2cc27bce46bf8b4662d44edc2cff2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0226-6https://doaj.org/toc/2398-6352Abstract As wearable technologies are being increasingly used for clinical research and healthcare, it is critical to understand their accuracy and determine how measurement errors may affect research conclusions and impact healthcare decision-making. Accuracy of wearable technologies has been a hotly debated topic in both the research and popular science literature. Currently, wearable technology companies are responsible for assessing and reporting the accuracy of their products, but little information about the evaluation method is made publicly available. Heart rate measurements from wearables are derived from photoplethysmography (PPG), an optical method for measuring changes in blood volume under the skin. Potential inaccuracies in PPG stem from three major areas, includes (1) diverse skin types, (2) motion artifacts, and (3) signal crossover. To date, no study has systematically explored the accuracy of wearables across the full range of skin tones. Here, we explored heart rate and PPG data from consumer- and research-grade wearables under multiple circumstances to test whether and to what extent these inaccuracies exist. We saw no statistically significant difference in accuracy across skin tones, but we saw significant differences between devices, and between activity types, notably, that absolute error during activity was, on average, 30% higher than during rest. Our conclusions indicate that different wearables are all reasonably accurate at resting and prolonged elevated heart rate, but that differences exist between devices in responding to changes in activity. This has implications for researchers, clinicians, and consumers in drawing study conclusions, combining study results, and making health-related decisions using these devices.Brinnae BentBenjamin A. GoldsteinWarren A. KibbeJessilyn P. DunnNature PortfolioarticleComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7ENnpj Digital Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
spellingShingle	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Brinnae Bent Benjamin A. Goldstein Warren A. Kibbe Jessilyn P. Dunn Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
description	Abstract As wearable technologies are being increasingly used for clinical research and healthcare, it is critical to understand their accuracy and determine how measurement errors may affect research conclusions and impact healthcare decision-making. Accuracy of wearable technologies has been a hotly debated topic in both the research and popular science literature. Currently, wearable technology companies are responsible for assessing and reporting the accuracy of their products, but little information about the evaluation method is made publicly available. Heart rate measurements from wearables are derived from photoplethysmography (PPG), an optical method for measuring changes in blood volume under the skin. Potential inaccuracies in PPG stem from three major areas, includes (1) diverse skin types, (2) motion artifacts, and (3) signal crossover. To date, no study has systematically explored the accuracy of wearables across the full range of skin tones. Here, we explored heart rate and PPG data from consumer- and research-grade wearables under multiple circumstances to test whether and to what extent these inaccuracies exist. We saw no statistically significant difference in accuracy across skin tones, but we saw significant differences between devices, and between activity types, notably, that absolute error during activity was, on average, 30% higher than during rest. Our conclusions indicate that different wearables are all reasonably accurate at resting and prolonged elevated heart rate, but that differences exist between devices in responding to changes in activity. This has implications for researchers, clinicians, and consumers in drawing study conclusions, combining study results, and making health-related decisions using these devices.
format	article
author	Brinnae Bent Benjamin A. Goldstein Warren A. Kibbe Jessilyn P. Dunn
author_facet	Brinnae Bent Benjamin A. Goldstein Warren A. Kibbe Jessilyn P. Dunn
author_sort	Brinnae Bent
title	Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
title_short	Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
title_full	Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
title_fullStr	Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
title_full_unstemmed	Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
title_sort	investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/80ba2cc27bce46bf8b4662d44edc2cff
work_keys_str_mv	AT brinnaebent investigatingsourcesofinaccuracyinwearableopticalheartratesensors AT benjaminagoldstein investigatingsourcesofinaccuracyinwearableopticalheartratesensors AT warrenakibbe investigatingsourcesofinaccuracyinwearableopticalheartratesensors AT jessilynpdunn investigatingsourcesofinaccuracyinwearableopticalheartratesensors
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Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors

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