Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality.
<h4>Background</h4>The dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in Northeastern America caused by "white nose-syndrome" (WNS) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. The cold-loving fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent le...
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2011
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oai:doaj.org-article:80bd4703ad0c497d9494f799348c03d12021-11-18T06:55:05ZPan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0019167https://doaj.org/article/80bd4703ad0c497d9494f799348c03d12011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21556356/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in Northeastern America caused by "white nose-syndrome" (WNS) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. The cold-loving fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent leading to extensive destruction of the skin, particularly the wing membranes. Recent investigations in Europe confirmed the presence of the fungus G. destructans without associated mass mortality in hibernating bats in six countries but its distribution remains poorly known.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We collected data on the presence of bats with white fungal growth in 12 countries in Europe between 2003 and 2010 and conducted morphological and genetic analysis to confirm the identity of the fungus as Geomyces destructans. Our results demonstrate the presence of the fungus in eight countries spanning over 2000 km from West to East and provide compelling photographic evidence for its presence in another four countries including Romania, and Turkey. Furthermore, matching prevalence data of a hibernaculum monitored over two consecutive years with data from across Europe show that the temporal occurrence of the fungus, which first becomes visible around February, peaks in March but can still be seen in some torpid bats in May or June, is strikingly similar throughout Europe. Finally, we isolated and cultured G. destructans from a cave wall adjacent to a bat with fungal growth.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>G. destructans is widely found over large areas of the European continent without associated mass mortalities in bats, suggesting that the fungus is native to Europe. The characterisation of the temporal variation in G. destructans growth on bats provides reference data for studying the spatio-temporal dynamic of the fungus. Finally, the presence of G. destructans spores on cave walls suggests that hibernacula could act as passive vectors and/or reservoirs for G. destructans and therefore, might play an important role in the transmission process.Sébastien J PuechmailleGudrun WibbeltVanessa KornHubert FullerFrédéric ForgetKristin MühldorferAndreas KurthWieslaw BogdanowiczChristophe BorelThijs BoschThomas CherezyMikhail DrebetTamás GörfölAnne-Jifke HaarsmaFrank HerhausGuénael HallartMatthias HammerChristian JungmannYann Le BrisLauri LutsarMatti MasingBart MulkensKarsten PassiorMartin StarrachAndrzej WojtaszewskiUlrich ZöphelEmma C TeelingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e19167 (2011) |
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| collection |
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| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Sébastien J Puechmaille Gudrun Wibbelt Vanessa Korn Hubert Fuller Frédéric Forget Kristin Mühldorfer Andreas Kurth Wieslaw Bogdanowicz Christophe Borel Thijs Bosch Thomas Cherezy Mikhail Drebet Tamás Görföl Anne-Jifke Haarsma Frank Herhaus Guénael Hallart Matthias Hammer Christian Jungmann Yann Le Bris Lauri Lutsar Matti Masing Bart Mulkens Karsten Passior Martin Starrach Andrzej Wojtaszewski Ulrich Zöphel Emma C Teeling Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>The dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in Northeastern America caused by "white nose-syndrome" (WNS) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. The cold-loving fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent leading to extensive destruction of the skin, particularly the wing membranes. Recent investigations in Europe confirmed the presence of the fungus G. destructans without associated mass mortality in hibernating bats in six countries but its distribution remains poorly known.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We collected data on the presence of bats with white fungal growth in 12 countries in Europe between 2003 and 2010 and conducted morphological and genetic analysis to confirm the identity of the fungus as Geomyces destructans. Our results demonstrate the presence of the fungus in eight countries spanning over 2000 km from West to East and provide compelling photographic evidence for its presence in another four countries including Romania, and Turkey. Furthermore, matching prevalence data of a hibernaculum monitored over two consecutive years with data from across Europe show that the temporal occurrence of the fungus, which first becomes visible around February, peaks in March but can still be seen in some torpid bats in May or June, is strikingly similar throughout Europe. Finally, we isolated and cultured G. destructans from a cave wall adjacent to a bat with fungal growth.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>G. destructans is widely found over large areas of the European continent without associated mass mortalities in bats, suggesting that the fungus is native to Europe. The characterisation of the temporal variation in G. destructans growth on bats provides reference data for studying the spatio-temporal dynamic of the fungus. Finally, the presence of G. destructans spores on cave walls suggests that hibernacula could act as passive vectors and/or reservoirs for G. destructans and therefore, might play an important role in the transmission process. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Sébastien J Puechmaille Gudrun Wibbelt Vanessa Korn Hubert Fuller Frédéric Forget Kristin Mühldorfer Andreas Kurth Wieslaw Bogdanowicz Christophe Borel Thijs Bosch Thomas Cherezy Mikhail Drebet Tamás Görföl Anne-Jifke Haarsma Frank Herhaus Guénael Hallart Matthias Hammer Christian Jungmann Yann Le Bris Lauri Lutsar Matti Masing Bart Mulkens Karsten Passior Martin Starrach Andrzej Wojtaszewski Ulrich Zöphel Emma C Teeling |
| author_facet |
Sébastien J Puechmaille Gudrun Wibbelt Vanessa Korn Hubert Fuller Frédéric Forget Kristin Mühldorfer Andreas Kurth Wieslaw Bogdanowicz Christophe Borel Thijs Bosch Thomas Cherezy Mikhail Drebet Tamás Görföl Anne-Jifke Haarsma Frank Herhaus Guénael Hallart Matthias Hammer Christian Jungmann Yann Le Bris Lauri Lutsar Matti Masing Bart Mulkens Karsten Passior Martin Starrach Andrzej Wojtaszewski Ulrich Zöphel Emma C Teeling |
| author_sort |
Sébastien J Puechmaille |
| title |
Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| title_short |
Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| title_full |
Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| title_fullStr |
Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| title_sort |
pan-european distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/80bd4703ad0c497d9494f799348c03d1 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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