Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.

The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) has previously been standardized in thirteen countries on three continents, confirming its status of gold standard test to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). In the meantime, performance has also been shown to vary with variables such as...

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Autores principales:	Olivier A Coubard, Kinga M Ober, Marie Gaumet, Marika Urbanski, Jean-Noël Amato, Vincent Chapron, Nicolas Weiss, Kiyoka Kinugawa, Karin Weissenborn, Dominique Thabut
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/80d8735ad0c240d7852c4f38aafedae2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:80d8735ad0c240d7852c4f38aafedae2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:80d8735ad0c240d7852c4f38aafedae22021-12-02T20:08:18ZStandardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257136https://doaj.org/article/80d8735ad0c240d7852c4f38aafedae22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257136https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) has previously been standardized in thirteen countries on three continents, confirming its status of gold standard test to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). In the meantime, performance has also been shown to vary with variables such as age, education, and barely sex. The present study aimed at standardizing the PHES in a French population. One hundred and ninety-six French healthy participants completed a French version of the paper-and-pencil PHES, involving five tests and six measures. Importantly, the balance was perfect between all levels of the three controlled factors, which were sex, age (seven decade-levels from 20-29 to 80-89 years), and education (two levels below or above 12 years of education). Raw measures were transformed to fit the normal distribution. ANOVAs on transformed variables showed no effect of sex, but an effect of age on all measures, and of education on five measures. Multiple or simple regressions were completed to build up normograms. Thorough analysis of variability within each test failed to find outliers that may bias the results. Comparison between French and seminal German data showed that they highly fitted though cultural and cognitive style specificities could be observed. This is the first study to standardize the PHES in a French population and to extensively explore the effects of sex, age and education using perfectly balanced samples. Subtle differences between countries of the same continent emphasize the need to build up normative data in each country to get accurate PHES in patients.Olivier A CoubardKinga M OberMarie GaumetMarika UrbanskiJean-Noël AmatoVincent ChapronNicolas WeissKiyoka KinugawaKarin WeissenbornDominique ThabutPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257136 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Olivier A Coubard Kinga M Ober Marie Gaumet Marika Urbanski Jean-Noël Amato Vincent Chapron Nicolas Weiss Kiyoka Kinugawa Karin Weissenborn Dominique Thabut Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
description	The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) has previously been standardized in thirteen countries on three continents, confirming its status of gold standard test to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). In the meantime, performance has also been shown to vary with variables such as age, education, and barely sex. The present study aimed at standardizing the PHES in a French population. One hundred and ninety-six French healthy participants completed a French version of the paper-and-pencil PHES, involving five tests and six measures. Importantly, the balance was perfect between all levels of the three controlled factors, which were sex, age (seven decade-levels from 20-29 to 80-89 years), and education (two levels below or above 12 years of education). Raw measures were transformed to fit the normal distribution. ANOVAs on transformed variables showed no effect of sex, but an effect of age on all measures, and of education on five measures. Multiple or simple regressions were completed to build up normograms. Thorough analysis of variability within each test failed to find outliers that may bias the results. Comparison between French and seminal German data showed that they highly fitted though cultural and cognitive style specificities could be observed. This is the first study to standardize the PHES in a French population and to extensively explore the effects of sex, age and education using perfectly balanced samples. Subtle differences between countries of the same continent emphasize the need to build up normative data in each country to get accurate PHES in patients.
format	article
author	Olivier A Coubard Kinga M Ober Marie Gaumet Marika Urbanski Jean-Noël Amato Vincent Chapron Nicolas Weiss Kiyoka Kinugawa Karin Weissenborn Dominique Thabut
author_facet	Olivier A Coubard Kinga M Ober Marie Gaumet Marika Urbanski Jean-Noël Amato Vincent Chapron Nicolas Weiss Kiyoka Kinugawa Karin Weissenborn Dominique Thabut
author_sort	Olivier A Coubard
title	Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
title_short	Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
title_full	Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
title_fullStr	Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
title_full_unstemmed	Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.
title_sort	standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a french population.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/80d8735ad0c240d7852c4f38aafedae2
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Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population.

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