Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products

The current fourth generation (“pod-style”) electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) heat a liquid (“e-liquid”) contained in a reservoir (“pod”) using a battery-powered coil to deliver aerosol into the lungs. A portion of inhaled EVP aerosol is estimated as exhaled, which can present a poten...

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Autores principales:	Anand Ranpara, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Elizabeth Fernandez, Ryan F. LeBouf
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	e-cigarette pod-style e-cigarette JUUL® particle size distributions respiratory deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81171a0f370049258080b84715dff626
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81171a0f370049258080b84715dff6262021-12-01T22:55:52ZEffect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.750402https://doaj.org/article/81171a0f370049258080b84715dff6262021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.750402/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565The current fourth generation (“pod-style”) electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) heat a liquid (“e-liquid”) contained in a reservoir (“pod”) using a battery-powered coil to deliver aerosol into the lungs. A portion of inhaled EVP aerosol is estimated as exhaled, which can present a potential secondhand exposure risk to bystanders. The effects of modifiable factors using either a prefilled disposable or refillable pod-style EVPs on aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and its respiratory deposition are poorly understood. In this study, the influence of up to six puff profiles (55-, 65-, and 75-ml puff volumes per 6.5 and 7.5 W EVP power settings) on PSD was evaluated using a popular pod-style EVP (JUUL® brand) and a cascade impactor. JUUL® brand EVPs were used to aerosolize the manufacturers' e-liquids in their disposable pods and laboratory prepared “reference e-liquid” (without flavorings or nicotine) in refillable pods. The modeled dosimetry and calculated aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) were used to estimate regional respiratory deposition. From these results, exhaled fraction of EVP aerosols was calculated as a surrogate of the secondhand exposure potential. Overall, MMADs did not differ among puff profiles, except for 55- and 75-ml volumes at 7.5 W (p < 0.05). For the reference e-liquid, MMADs ranged from 1.02 to 1.23 μm and dosimetry calculations predicted that particles would deposit in the head region (36–41%), in the trachea-bronchial (TB) region (19–21%), and in the pulmonary region (40–43%). For commercial JUUL® e-liquids, MMADs ranged from 0.92 to 1.67 μm and modeling predicted that more particles would deposit in the head region (35–52%) and in the pulmonary region (30–42%). Overall, 30–40% of the particles aerosolized by a pod-style EVP were estimated to deposit in the pulmonary region and 50–70% of the inhaled EVP aerosols could be exhaled; the latter could present an inhalational hazard to bystanders in indoor occupational settings. More research is needed to understand the influence of other modifiable factors on PSD and exposure potential.Anand RanparaAleksandr B. StefaniakElizabeth FernandezRyan F. LeBoufFrontiers Media S.A.articlee-cigarettepod-style e-cigaretteJUUL®particle size distributionsrespiratory depositionsecondhand exposure estimatesPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	e-cigarette pod-style e-cigarette JUUL® particle size distributions respiratory deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	e-cigarette pod-style e-cigarette JUUL® particle size distributions respiratory deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
description	The current fourth generation (“pod-style”) electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) heat a liquid (“e-liquid”) contained in a reservoir (“pod”) using a battery-powered coil to deliver aerosol into the lungs. A portion of inhaled EVP aerosol is estimated as exhaled, which can present a potential secondhand exposure risk to bystanders. The effects of modifiable factors using either a prefilled disposable or refillable pod-style EVPs on aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and its respiratory deposition are poorly understood. In this study, the influence of up to six puff profiles (55-, 65-, and 75-ml puff volumes per 6.5 and 7.5 W EVP power settings) on PSD was evaluated using a popular pod-style EVP (JUUL® brand) and a cascade impactor. JUUL® brand EVPs were used to aerosolize the manufacturers' e-liquids in their disposable pods and laboratory prepared “reference e-liquid” (without flavorings or nicotine) in refillable pods. The modeled dosimetry and calculated aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) were used to estimate regional respiratory deposition. From these results, exhaled fraction of EVP aerosols was calculated as a surrogate of the secondhand exposure potential. Overall, MMADs did not differ among puff profiles, except for 55- and 75-ml volumes at 7.5 W (p < 0.05). For the reference e-liquid, MMADs ranged from 1.02 to 1.23 μm and dosimetry calculations predicted that particles would deposit in the head region (36–41%), in the trachea-bronchial (TB) region (19–21%), and in the pulmonary region (40–43%). For commercial JUUL® e-liquids, MMADs ranged from 0.92 to 1.67 μm and modeling predicted that more particles would deposit in the head region (35–52%) and in the pulmonary region (30–42%). Overall, 30–40% of the particles aerosolized by a pod-style EVP were estimated to deposit in the pulmonary region and 50–70% of the inhaled EVP aerosols could be exhaled; the latter could present an inhalational hazard to bystanders in indoor occupational settings. More research is needed to understand the influence of other modifiable factors on PSD and exposure potential.
format	article
author	Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf
author_facet	Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf
author_sort	Anand Ranpara
title	Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
title_short	Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
title_full	Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
title_fullStr	Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products
title_sort	effect of puffing behavior on particle size distributions and respiratory depositions from pod-style electronic cigarette, or vaping, products
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/81171a0f370049258080b84715dff626
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Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products

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