Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome

Abstract In corn/maize, silks emerging from cobs capture pollen, and transmit resident sperm nuclei to eggs. There are > 20 million silks per U.S. maize acre. Fungal pathogens invade developing grain using silk channels, including Fusarium graminearum (Fg, temperate environments) and devastating...

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Autores principales:	Eman M. Khalaf, Anuja Shrestha, Jeffrey Rinne, Michael D. J. Lynch, Charles R. Shearer, Victor Limay-Rios, Lana M. Reid, Manish N. Raizada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8120c8b2749c4d6c94a14e8798afcab9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8120c8b2749c4d6c94a14e8798afcab92021-12-02T17:12:18ZTransmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome10.1038/s41598-021-92648-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/8120c8b2749c4d6c94a14e8798afcab92021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92648-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In corn/maize, silks emerging from cobs capture pollen, and transmit resident sperm nuclei to eggs. There are > 20 million silks per U.S. maize acre. Fungal pathogens invade developing grain using silk channels, including Fusarium graminearum (Fg, temperate environments) and devastating carcinogen-producers (Africa/tropics). Fg contaminates cereal grains with mycotoxins, in particular Deoxynivalenol (DON), known for adverse health effects on humans and livestock. Fitness selection should promote defensive/healthy silks. Here, we report that maize silks, known as styles in other plants, possess complex and dynamic microbiomes at the critical pollen-fungal transmission interval (henceforth: transmitting style microbiome, TSM). Diverse maize genotypes were field-grown in two trial years. MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 328 open-pollinated silk samples (healthy/Fg-infected) revealed that the TSM contains > 5000 taxa spanning the prokaryotic tree of life (47 phyla/1300 genera), including nitrogen-fixers. The TSM of silk tip tissue displayed seasonal responsiveness, but possessed a reproducible core of 7–11 MiSeq-amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated by a single Pantoea MiSeq-taxon (15–26% of sequence-counts). Fg-infection collapsed TSM diversity and disturbed predicted metabolic functionality, but doubled overall microbiome size/counts, primarily by elevating 7–25 MiSeq-ASVs, suggestive of a selective microbiome response against infection. This study establishes the maize silk as a model for fundamental/applied research of plant reproductive microbiomes.Eman M. KhalafAnuja ShresthaJeffrey RinneMichael D. J. LynchCharles R. ShearerVictor Limay-RiosLana M. ReidManish N. RaizadaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eman M. Khalaf Anuja Shrestha Jeffrey Rinne Michael D. J. Lynch Charles R. Shearer Victor Limay-Rios Lana M. Reid Manish N. Raizada Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
description	Abstract In corn/maize, silks emerging from cobs capture pollen, and transmit resident sperm nuclei to eggs. There are > 20 million silks per U.S. maize acre. Fungal pathogens invade developing grain using silk channels, including Fusarium graminearum (Fg, temperate environments) and devastating carcinogen-producers (Africa/tropics). Fg contaminates cereal grains with mycotoxins, in particular Deoxynivalenol (DON), known for adverse health effects on humans and livestock. Fitness selection should promote defensive/healthy silks. Here, we report that maize silks, known as styles in other plants, possess complex and dynamic microbiomes at the critical pollen-fungal transmission interval (henceforth: transmitting style microbiome, TSM). Diverse maize genotypes were field-grown in two trial years. MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 328 open-pollinated silk samples (healthy/Fg-infected) revealed that the TSM contains > 5000 taxa spanning the prokaryotic tree of life (47 phyla/1300 genera), including nitrogen-fixers. The TSM of silk tip tissue displayed seasonal responsiveness, but possessed a reproducible core of 7–11 MiSeq-amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated by a single Pantoea MiSeq-taxon (15–26% of sequence-counts). Fg-infection collapsed TSM diversity and disturbed predicted metabolic functionality, but doubled overall microbiome size/counts, primarily by elevating 7–25 MiSeq-ASVs, suggestive of a selective microbiome response against infection. This study establishes the maize silk as a model for fundamental/applied research of plant reproductive microbiomes.
format	article
author	Eman M. Khalaf Anuja Shrestha Jeffrey Rinne Michael D. J. Lynch Charles R. Shearer Victor Limay-Rios Lana M. Reid Manish N. Raizada
author_facet	Eman M. Khalaf Anuja Shrestha Jeffrey Rinne Michael D. J. Lynch Charles R. Shearer Victor Limay-Rios Lana M. Reid Manish N. Raizada
author_sort	Eman M. Khalaf
title	Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
title_short	Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
title_full	Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
title_fullStr	Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
title_full_unstemmed	Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
title_sort	transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8120c8b2749c4d6c94a14e8798afcab9
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_version_	1718381442411528192

Transmitting silks of maize have a complex and dynamic microbiome

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