Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep

Margeaux M Schade,1,* Gina Marie Mathew,1,* Daniel M Roberts,2 Daniel Gartenberg,2 Orfeu M Buxton1 1Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 2Proactive Life, Inc., New York, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Orfeu M BuxtonThe...

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Autores principales:	Schade MM, Mathew GM, Roberts DM, Gartenberg D, Buxton OM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	electroencephalographic spectral analysis neurobehavioral performance slow wave sleep sleep fragmentation delta power slow oscillation Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81224a5e98884be8bac42b802d802599
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81224a5e98884be8bac42b802d8025992021-12-02T10:10:39ZEnhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/81224a5e98884be8bac42b802d8025992020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/enhancing-slow-oscillations-and-increasing-n3-sleep-proportion-with-su-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Margeaux M Schade,1,* Gina Marie Mathew,1,* Daniel M Roberts,2 Daniel Gartenberg,2 Orfeu M Buxton1 1Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 2Proactive Life, Inc., New York, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Orfeu M BuxtonThe Pennsylvania State University, 221 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USATel +1 814 867-5707Email orfeu@psu.eduPurpose: In non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3 sleep (N3), phase-locked pink noise auditory stimulation can amplify slow oscillatory activity (0.5– 1 Hz). Open-loop pink noise auditory stimulation can amplify slow oscillatory and delta frequency activity (0.5– 4 Hz). We assessed the ability of pink noise and other sounds to elicit delta power, slow oscillatory power, and N3 sleep.Participants and Methods: Participants (n = 8) underwent four consecutive inpatient nights in a within-participants design, starting with a habituation night. A registered polysomnographic technologist live-scored sleep stage and administered stimuli on randomized counterbalanced Enhancing and Disruptive nights, with a preceding Habituation night (night 1) and an intervening Sham night (night 3). A variety of non-phase-locked pink noise stimuli were used on Enhancing night during NREM; on Disruptive night, environmental sounds were used throughout sleep to induce frequent auditory-evoked arousals.Results: Total sleep time did not differ between conditions. Percentage of N3 was higher in the Enhancing condition, and lower in the Disruptive condition, versus Sham. Standard 0.8 Hz pink noise elicited low-frequency power more effectively than other pink noise, but was not the most effective stimulus. Both pink noise on the “Enhancing” night and sounds intended to Disrupt sleep administered on the “Disruptive” night increased momentary delta and slow-wave activity (ie, during stimulation versus the immediate pre-stimulation period). Disruptive auditory stimulation degraded sleep with frequent arousals and increased next-day vigilance lapses versus Sham despite preserved sleep duration and momentary increases in delta and slow-wave activity.Conclusion: These findings emphasize sound features of interest in ecologically valid, translational auditory intervention to increase restorative sleep. Preserving sleep continuity should be a primary consideration if auditory stimulation is used to enhance slow-wave activity.Keywords: electroencephalographic spectral analysis, neurobehavioral performance, slow-wave sleep, sleep fragmentation, delta power, slow oscillationSchade MMMathew GMRoberts DMGartenberg DBuxton OMDove Medical Pressarticleelectroencephalographic spectral analysisneurobehavioral performanceslow wave sleepsleep fragmentationdelta powerslow oscillationPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 12, Pp 411-429 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electroencephalographic spectral analysis neurobehavioral performance slow wave sleep sleep fragmentation delta power slow oscillation Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	electroencephalographic spectral analysis neurobehavioral performance slow wave sleep sleep fragmentation delta power slow oscillation Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Schade MM Mathew GM Roberts DM Gartenberg D Buxton OM Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
description	Margeaux M Schade,1,* Gina Marie Mathew,1,* Daniel M Roberts,2 Daniel Gartenberg,2 Orfeu M Buxton1 1Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 2Proactive Life, Inc., New York, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Orfeu M BuxtonThe Pennsylvania State University, 221 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USATel +1 814 867-5707Email orfeu@psu.eduPurpose: In non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3 sleep (N3), phase-locked pink noise auditory stimulation can amplify slow oscillatory activity (0.5– 1 Hz). Open-loop pink noise auditory stimulation can amplify slow oscillatory and delta frequency activity (0.5– 4 Hz). We assessed the ability of pink noise and other sounds to elicit delta power, slow oscillatory power, and N3 sleep.Participants and Methods: Participants (n = 8) underwent four consecutive inpatient nights in a within-participants design, starting with a habituation night. A registered polysomnographic technologist live-scored sleep stage and administered stimuli on randomized counterbalanced Enhancing and Disruptive nights, with a preceding Habituation night (night 1) and an intervening Sham night (night 3). A variety of non-phase-locked pink noise stimuli were used on Enhancing night during NREM; on Disruptive night, environmental sounds were used throughout sleep to induce frequent auditory-evoked arousals.Results: Total sleep time did not differ between conditions. Percentage of N3 was higher in the Enhancing condition, and lower in the Disruptive condition, versus Sham. Standard 0.8 Hz pink noise elicited low-frequency power more effectively than other pink noise, but was not the most effective stimulus. Both pink noise on the “Enhancing” night and sounds intended to Disrupt sleep administered on the “Disruptive” night increased momentary delta and slow-wave activity (ie, during stimulation versus the immediate pre-stimulation period). Disruptive auditory stimulation degraded sleep with frequent arousals and increased next-day vigilance lapses versus Sham despite preserved sleep duration and momentary increases in delta and slow-wave activity.Conclusion: These findings emphasize sound features of interest in ecologically valid, translational auditory intervention to increase restorative sleep. Preserving sleep continuity should be a primary consideration if auditory stimulation is used to enhance slow-wave activity.Keywords: electroencephalographic spectral analysis, neurobehavioral performance, slow-wave sleep, sleep fragmentation, delta power, slow oscillation
format	article
author	Schade MM Mathew GM Roberts DM Gartenberg D Buxton OM
author_facet	Schade MM Mathew GM Roberts DM Gartenberg D Buxton OM
author_sort	Schade MM
title	Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
title_short	Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
title_full	Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
title_fullStr	Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep
title_sort	enhancing slow oscillations and increasing n3 sleep proportion with supervised, non-phase-locked pink noise and other non-standard auditory stimulation during nrem sleep
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/81224a5e98884be8bac42b802d802599
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Enhancing Slow Oscillations and Increasing N3 Sleep Proportion with Supervised, Non-Phase-Locked Pink Noise and Other Non-Standard Auditory Stimulation During NREM Sleep

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